Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in identifying and treating mammals having a cancer resistant to BET inhibitors. For example, methods and materials for administering one or more AKT inhibitors in combination with one or more BET inhibitors to mammals identified as having a cancer resistant to treatment with one or more BET inhibitors in the absence of AKT inhibitors are provided.

Abstract: This document relates to methods and materials involved in assessing and/or treating mammals (e g , humans) having cancer. For example, methods and materials that can be used to determine whether or not the cancer is likely to be responsive to a particular cancer treatment (e.g., a cancer immunotherapy or a cancer chemotherapy) are provided. For example, methods and materials that can be used to treat a mammal by administering one or more cancer treatments that is/are selected based, at least in part, on whether or not the mammal is likely to be responsive to a particular cancer treatment also are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in identifying and/or treating mammals having a treatment-resistant prostate cancer (e.g., an enzalutamide-resistant, castration-resistant prostate cancer). For example, methods and materials for identifying a mammal (e.g., a human) having treatment-resistant prostate cancer (e.g., an enzalutamide-resistant, castration-resistant prostate cancer) as having an elevated level of one or more polypeptides (e.g., one or more of a CXXC5, a CXXC4, a TET2, an ID1, an ID3, and/or a PFN2 polypeptide) in treatment-resistant prostate tissue are provided. Methods and materials for administering one or more targeted therapies with or without one or more chemotherapeutic agents to a mammal having treatment-resistant prostate cancer identified as having an elevated level of one or more polypeptides (e.g., one or more of a CXXC5, a CXXC4, a TET2, an ID1, an ID3, and/or a PFN2 polypeptide) in treatment-resistant prostate tissue also are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in identifying and treating mammals having a cancer resistant to BET inhibitors. For example, methods and materials for administering (a) one or more AKT inhibitors and/or one or more CDK inhibitors and/or one or more CBP/p300 inhibitors in combination with (b) one or more BET inhibitors to mammals identified as having a cancer resistant to treatment with one or more BET inhibitors in the absence of AKT, CDK, and CBP/p300 inhibitors are provided.

Abstract: This document provides materials and methods for treating cancer (e.g., PD-L1+ cancers). For example, methods and materials for using compositions (e.g., compositions containing a small bioactive S249/T252 phospho-mimicking polypeptide of an RB polypeptide) to reduce PD-L1 expression within cancer cells are provided. In addition, methods and materials for using compositions (e.g., compositions containing a small bioactive S249/T252 phospho-mimicking polypeptide of an RB polypeptide) in combination with other cancer treatment methods or agents to increase the effectiveness exhibited against the cancer within a mammal (e.g., a human) are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in identifying and treating mammals having a cancer resistant to BET inhibitors. For example, methods and materials for administering one or more AKT inhibitors in combination with one or more BET inhibitors to mammals identified as having a cancer resistant to treatment with one or more BET inhibitors in the absence of AKT inhibitors are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for treating cancer (e.g., chemotherapeutic resistant cancer). For example, compositions containing a phosphorylation-mimicking peptide (e.g., a phosphorylation-mimicking FOXO1-derived peptide) to treat a mammal having cancer (e.g., to reduce the number of cancer cells in a mammal) and methods of using such compositions are provided. This document also provides methods of treating a mammal having cancer (e.g., to reduce the number of cancer cells in a mammal) by administering a phosphorylation-mimicking FOXO1-derived peptide to the mammal.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials involved in identifying and/or treating mammals having a treatment-resistant prostate cancer (e.g., an enzalutamide-resistant, castration-resistant prostate cancer). For example, methods and materials for identifying a mammal (e.g., a human) having treatment-resistant prostate cancer (e.g., an enzalutamide-resistant, castration-resistant prostate cancer) as having an elevated level of one or more polypeptides (e.g., one or more of a CXXC5, a CXXC4, a TET2, an ID1, an ID3, and/or a PFN2 polypeptide) in treatment-resistant prostate tissue are provided. Methods and materials for administering one or more targeted therapies with or without one or more chemotherapeutic agents to a mammal having treatment-resistant prostate cancer identified as having an elevated level of one or more polypeptides (e.g., one or more of a CXXC5, a CXXC4, a TET2, an ID1, an ID3, and/or a PFN2 polypeptide) in treatment-resistant prostate tissue also are provided.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials for treating cancer (e.g., chemotherapeutic resistant cancer). For example, compositions containing a phosphorylation-mimicking peptide (e.g., a phosphorylation-mimicking FOXO1-derived peptide) to treat a mammal having cancer (e.g., to reduce the number of cancer cells in a mammal) and methods of using such compositions are provided. This document also provides methods of treating a mammal having cancer (e.g., to reduce the number of cancer cells in a mammal) by administering a phosphorylation-mimicking FOXO1-derived peptide to the mammal.