Abstract: A method and apparatus generate an energy pulse output while improving the accuracy of energy pulse output. Specifically, an Intelligent Electronic Device employs a method in which a processor receives digital electrical parameter data to at least two buffers alternately; compute a power value in a full zero-crossing cycle in accordance with the digital electrical parameter data when one of the at least two buffers gets fully filled and storing the power value; divide a period that each buffer takes from empty to getting fully filled into a series of intervals; calculate energy consumption in each interval based on the power value stored; totalize the energy consumption; generate an energy pulse output according to a pre-determined threshold and the totalized energy consumption.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus to measure line frequency. Specifically, an Intelligent Electronic Device employs a method in which a processor receives a training dataset including an input variable set and a corresponding zero-crossing position output variable, obtains a hypothesis function based on the training dataset, estimates zero-crossing positions using the hypothesis function and computes a fundamental frequency of the signal based on the estimated zero-crossing positions.

Abstract: A method and apparatus generate an energy pulse output while improving the accuracy of energy pulse output. Specifically, an Intelligent Electronic Device employs a method in which a processor receives digital electrical parameter data to at least two buffers alternately; compute a power value in a full zero-crossing cycle in accordance with the digital electrical parameter data when one of the at least two buffers gets fully filled and storing the power value; divide a period that each buffer takes from empty to getting fully filled into a series of intervals; calculate energy consumption in each interval based on the power value stored; totalize the energy consumption; generate an energy pulse output according to a pre-determined threshold and the totalized energy consumption.

Abstract: A method and apparatus measures flicker while improving the computational performance for measuring flicker severity level. Specifically, an Intelligent Electronic Device employs a method in which a processor summarizes and characterizes a plurality of instantaneous flicker sensation level values as histogram formatted data and selects a specific percentile of the instantaneous flicker sensation level values from the histogram formatted data. The method employed by the device uses the specific percentile to calculate a short-term flicker severity level value.