Abstract: The present invention relates to the technical field of polymer composite materials, and specifically, to a shear thickening composite material, a preparation method therefor, and use thereof. According to the present invention, a solid composite material with shear thickening performance is prepared by limiting the types and contents of all components in raw materials. This composite material is kept soft and has a proper elastic shape under a normal state, and can be rapidly subjected to strain enhancement through local density increase when being rapidly and violently impacted or extruded, so that a significant shear thickening phenomenon is presented, namely this material is a hard solid when being impacted by an external force, then this material has an increasing strength with the increase of the external force, and this material restores to an original relaxed, soft, and elastic state when the external force is removed.

Abstract: An electrode plate stacking method includes: determining, based on a first electrode plate, a conveying order of a plurality of second electrode plates, the first electrode plate being a continuous electrode plate, the plurality of second electrode plates including at least one upper electrode plate and at least one lower electrode plate, the plurality of second electrode plates being discontinuous electrode plates, and the conveying order being used for conveying the at least one upper electrode plate and the at least one lower electrode plate alternately; generating an identifier sequence for the plurality of second electrode plates based on the conveying order; and collecting first image data of each of the plurality of second electrode plates based on the identifier sequence in a process of conveying the plurality of second electrode plates in the conveying order.

Abstract: A method of assisting a user with the discovery of program features is provided. The method includes detecting a selection of a data structure within a user interface, determining a contextual parameter based on the selected data structure, the contextual parameter associated with a modifiable feature of the selected data structure, determining options for generating program code configured to modify the modifiable feature are available based on the contextual parameter and a predefined inferential relationship between the contextual parameter and the modifiable feature of the selected data structure, and prompting the user in the user interface with information indicating that the determined options for generating the program code are accessible in the user interface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for predicting an amount of water-sealed gas in a high-sulfur water-bearing gas reservoir. The method solves the problem that no method has yet been proposed for predicting the amount of water-sealed gas in a high-sulfur water-bearing gas reservoir. According to the technical solution, the method includes: considering that the volume of the gas reservoir does not change during the production of the constant-volume gas reservoir, deriving, based on a material balance method, a material balance equation of the high-sulfur water-bearing gas reservoir in consideration of water-sealed gas and water-soluble gas, solving and drawing a chart of water-sealed gas in the high-sulfur water-bearing gas reservoir by an iterative algorithm, obtaining a recovery factor of the high-sulfur water-bearing gas reservoir in consideration of water-sealed gas and water-soluble gas, and further obtaining the amount of water-seal gas in the high-sulfur water-bearing gas reservoir.

Abstract: Efficiently executing command-line interface commands with an automated command-line interface. A computing device presents a command-line interface for entry of a command-line by a user. The computing device receives a command-line in the command-line interface to execute an editable view container, the editable view container displaying target content in an editable viewer. The computing device receives one or more user edits to modify the target content entered by the user into the editable viewer. The one or more user edits to the target content are validated. The computing device accesses a manifest file containing a plurality of stored command-lines, each stored command-line corresponding to possible user edits. The computing device executes automatically stored command-lines corresponding to the one or more user edits to modify the target content. The modified target content is displayed in the editable viewer.

Abstract: Efficiently executing command-line interface commands with an automated command-line interface. A computing device presents a command-line interface for entry of a command-line by a user. The computing device receives a command-line in the command-line interface to execute an editable view container, the editable view container displaying target content in an editable viewer. The computing device receives one or more user edits to modify the target content entered by the user into the editable viewer. The one or more user edits to the target content are validated. The computing device accesses a manifest file containing a plurality of stored command-lines, each stored command-line corresponding to possible user edits. The computing device executes automatically stored command-lines corresponding to the one or more user edits to modify the target content. The modified target content is displayed in the editable viewer.

Abstract: A solar powered generator (100) has thermoelectric elements adjacent to and below solar cells. Concentrated sunlight is provided. A heat sink (104), which can be variable in temperature or efficiency, is in contact with the cold junction (108) of the thermoelectric device (103). The thermal resistivity is designed in relation to the energy flux, whereby the thermoelectric device (103) develops a gradient of several hundred Kelvin. Preferably the solar cell comprises a high band gap energy semi-conductor. The generator (100) maintains relatively consistent efficiency over a range of cold junction (108) temperatures. The heat sink (104) can be a hot water system. High efficiencies are achieved using nanocomposite thermoelectric materials. Evenly but thinly dispersing the thermoelectric segments in a matrix of highly insulating material reduces the amount of material required for the segments without sacrificing performance.

Abstract: A distinctive method of operating an internal combustion engine in a low-temperature combustion mode. An engine combustion chamber is provided with fuel and air charges before combustion conditions are reached. The fuel charge is sufficient to provide a fuel-air equivalence ratio of at least 1.05. The fuel and air are allowed to mix prior to combustion. The fuel is provided to the combustion chamber at least 20 crank angle degrees before top dead center. The fuel and air charges are regulated such that the mixture auto-ignites as a result of the heat and pressure generated by the compression stroke. The amounts are further regulated such that combustion occurs below a temperature at which significant soot production occurs. In one embodiment, early intake valve closing is used to limit the air charge. The method provides a rich low temperature combustion mode operation, which has several applications.

Abstract: A solar powered generator (100) has thermoelectric elements adjacent to and below solar cells. Concentrated sunlight is provided. A heat sink (104), which can be variable in temperature or efficiency, is in contact with the cold junction (108) of the thermoelectric device (103). The thermal resistivity is designed in relation to the energy flux, whereby the thermoelectric device (103) develops a gradient of several hundred Kelvin. Preferably the solar cell comprises a high band gap energy semi-conductor. The generator (100) maintains relatively consistent efficiency over a range of cold junction (108) temperatures. The heat sink (104) can be a hot water system. High efficiencies are achieved using nanocomposite thermoelectric materials. Evenly but thinly dispersing the thermoelectric segments in a matrix of highly insulating material reduces the amount of material required for the segments without sacrificing performance.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to a power generation system that has an internal combustion engine that operates in a low temperature combustion mode to produce an engine exhaust that is low in NOx and particulate matter. The exhaust is treated by a fuel cell to remove organic compounds and CO while producing useful power. Another aspect of the invention relates to controlling the adiabatic flame temperature by EGR drawing from upstream of the fuel cell. A further aspect of the invention relates to treating engine exhaust with a reducing catalyst and then with a fuel cell. A still further aspect of the invention relates to treating exhaust with an intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell. A further aspect of the invention relates to a system equipped with a valve allowing exhaust to selectively bypass a fuel cell.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates an exhaust treatment system having an SCR reactor following a NOx adsorber. Syn gas is used to regenerate the NOx adsorber. Another aspect relates to an LNT/SCR provided with an ammonia source separate from the LNT. A further aspect relates to a system comprising first and second LNTs and one or more SCRs downstream of the LNTs. A still further aspect relates to a device comprising first and second NOx adsorbers contained in a single housing. Another aspect relates to coating a surface of a moving part in an exhaust system with an oxidation catalyst to mitigate fouling. Additional aspects of the invention relate to strategies for controlling one or more of the time to initiate a regeneration cycle, the time to terminate a regeneration cycle, and the reductant injection rate during regeneration of LNT/SCR exhaust treatment systems.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to a clean power generation system in which an internal combustion engine is operated to produce shaft power and an exhaust stream. The exhaust stream is processed by a fuel cell. Fluctuations in power demand are met, at least in part, by increasing or decreasing power output from the fuel cell and/or power uptake or output from a power storage device. The engine can operate at a relatively constant rate, providing a steady exhaust stream, which facilitates pollution control and fuel cell operation. According to another aspect of the invention, the exhaust of an engine is treated with a fuel cell having an electrolyte that conducts protons. In addition to removing pollutants from the exhaust while generating useful power, the fuel cell can provide a supply of low acidity water. The water can be used in the fuel reformer.

Abstract: A power generation system comprising a LNT for exhaust aftertreatment. The LNT has an effective operating temperature range. When the LNT is near a limit of its effective operating temperature range, the transmission is used to select operating points that increase the LNT's effectiveness. Generally, these operating points reduce the exhaust flow rate, although other factors such as the exhaust temperature may also be taken into account in selecting the operating points. Preferably, the LNT's effective operating temperature-range includes exhaust temperatures produced by the engine at its point of peak power output, whereby the LNT does not approach the limits of its effective operating temperature range except when the engine is at less than peak power. At lower power levels, it is generally possible to select operating points that provide lower exhaust flow rates than the flow rate occurring at the peak power level.

Abstract: The invention provides a distinctive method of operating an internal combustion engine in a low-temperature combustion mode. An engine combustion chamber is provided with fuel and air charges before combustion conditions are reached. The fuel charge is sufficient to provide a fuel-air equivalence ratio of at least 1.05. The fuel and air are allowed to mix prior to combustion. The fuel is provided to the combustion chamber at least 20 crank angle degrees before top dead center. The fuel and air charges are regulated such that the mixture auto-ignites as a result of the heat and pressure generated by the compression stroke. The amounts are further regulated such that combustion occurs below a temperature at which significant soot production occurs. In one embodiment, early intake valve closing is used to limit the air charge. The method provides a rich low temperature combustion mode operation, which has several applications.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment system comprising two or more branches, at least one of which contains a NOx adsorber-catalyst. The branches unite downstream into a trailing conduit that contains an ammonia-SCR catalyst. Ammonia generated by the NOx adsorber-catalyst during regeneration is stored for later use by the SCR catalyst. One advantage of this configuration is a continuous or near continuous presence of oxygen within the trailing exhaust conduit. The continuous presence of improves the efficiency of the SCR catalyst. Another concept is to configure a multi-branch exhaust aftertreatment system without valves, dampers, or other electronically controlled devices adapted to selectively alter the distribution of the exhaust between the branches. The absence of such devices generally results in a comparatively balanced division of exhaust between the branches. One benefit of this configuration is improved reliability as compared to systems that use valves.

Abstract: In an exhaust aftertreatment system comprising a NOx adsorber-catalyst followed by an SCR catalyst, means are provided for preventing the SCR catalyst from becoming heated to near the same peak temperatures as the NOx adsorber-catalyst during desulfation. In one embodiment, the means is a thermal mass between the NOx adsorber-catalyst and the SCR catalyst. In another embodiment, the means is a valve configured to selectively divert exhaust leaving the NOx adsorber-catalyst from the SCR catalyst. In a method of the invention, the NOx adsorber-catalyst temperature is cycled during desulfation. The peaks of the cycles are within an appropriate temperature range for desulfating the NOx adsorber-catalyst, but the average temperature is below the temperature range at which the SCR catalyst is damaged. The temperature peaks are damped as they travel from the NOx adsorber-catalyst to the SCR, whereby the SCR experiences much lower peak temperatures than the NOx adsorber-catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a power generation system with a continuously operating fuel reformer. Preferably, the fuel reformer is either off, warming up, or operating with an essentially constant fueling rate. Some of the reformed fuel is intermittently used to regenerate a NOx trap that treats the exhaust of an internal combustion engine. Any reformed fuel not used for other purposes is supplied to a fuel cell. The fuel reformer does not shut down between NOx trap regeneration cycles except when the engine is also shut down. The invention substantially eliminates issues of reformer response time as they relate to NOx trap regeneration.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates an exhaust treatment system having an SCR reactor following a NOx adsorber. Syn gas is used to regenerate the NOx adsorber. Another aspect relates to an LNT/SCR provided with an ammonia source separate from the LNT. A further aspect relates to a system comprising first and second LNTs and one or more SCRs downstream of the LNTs. A still further aspect relates to a device comprising first and second NOx adsorbers contained in a single housing. Another aspect relates to coating a surface of a moving part in an exhaust system with an oxidation catalyst to mitigate fouling. Additional aspects of the invention relate to strategies for controlling one or more of the time to initiate a regeneration cycle, the time to terminate a regeneration cycle, and the reductant injection rate during regeneration of LNT/SCR exhaust treatment systems.

Abstract: One or more parameters for denitration or desulfations of a LNT is varied, whereby the saturation of NOx and/or SOx in the LNT is reduced to a lower level when an operating state makes the LNT otherwise less effective or places a greater demand for conversion efficiency on the LNT. The operating state can relate to whether the LNT is at the limit of its effective operating temperature range, a degree of poisoning, or an engine operating state. Selectively tolerating high degrees of sulfur poisoning or NOx saturation during periods of low exhaust flow allows the efficiency of denitrations and/or desulfations to be increased over a large portion of a vehicle's operating cycle, particularly when the engine uses a CVT. Another concept relates to a power generation system comprising an engine tuned to efficiently operate in a narrow speed range for all levels of power output.

Abstract: In an exhaust aftertreatment system comprising a NOx adsorber-catalyst followed by an SCR catalyst, means are provided for preventing the SCR catalyst from becoming heated to near the same peak temperatures as the NOx adsorber-catalyst during desulfation. In one embodiment, the means is a thermal mass between the NOx adsorber-catalyst and the SCR catalyst. In another embodiment, the means is a valve configured to selectively divert exhaust leaving the NOx adsorber-catalyst from the SCR catalyst. In a method of the invention, the NOx adsorber-catalyst temperature is cycled during desulfation. The peaks of the cycles are within an appropriate temperature range for desulfating the NOx adsorber-catalyst, but the average temperature is below the temperature range at which the SCR catalyst is damaged. The temperature peaks are damped as they travel from the NOx adsorber-catalyst to the SCR, whereby the SCR experiences much lower peak temperatures than the NOx adsorber-catalyst.