Abstract: A terminal management method and an apparatus, to implement management of terminals. The method includes: receiving, by a first device, a first instruction used to perform a first operation on one or more terminals, and determining, according to a management rule, whether performance of the first operation is allowed, and/or determining a target terminal to be subjected to the first operation. The solution is applicable to the field of communication technologies, the internet of things, artificial intelligence, the internet of vehicles, smart homes, or the like.

Abstract: This application discloses a communication method and a communication apparatus. The method includes: An access network element receives first indication information from a session management function network element, and activates a congestion acquisition function of the access network element based on the first indication information, where the congestion acquisition function is for obtaining a congestion status of the access network element in a data flow transmission process of a target service. The access network element obtains the congestion status of the access network element, and sends first congestion information to a terminal device or a user plane function network element to indicate the congestion status of the access network element. In this application, the access network element sends, to the user plane function network element or the terminal device, the first congestion information indicating the congestion status of the access network element.

Abstract: A user plane network element management method, apparatus, and system are provided so that a session management network element can correctly address a data plane instance. The session management network element determines information about a target data plane instance, where the information about the target data plane instance includes a routing indicator, the routing indicator is used to determine an address of the target data plane instance, and the target data plane instance is associated with a wireless integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus. The method includes: A first core network device receives first information from an operation requester, where the first information indicates at least one of the following: an area in which a first operation is to be performed or a target tag on which the first operation is to be performed, and the first information is used to determine a first target reader; and the first core network device sends second information to the first target reader based on the first information, where the second information indicates the first target reader to perform the first operation. According to the communication method and apparatus provided in this application, a core network device manages readers and tags in passive internet of things, so as to reduce operation and maintenance costs of maintaining two types of networks by an enterprise, and consume fewer network resources.

Abstract: This application provides a method for performing onboarding. The method includes: A first core network device obtains first information, where the first information indicates that a terminal device performs onboarding, the first core network device is a core network device that serves the terminal device after the terminal device performs handover, and the first core network device supports an onboarding function. The first core network device performs onboarding on the terminal device based on the first information. According to the solutions of this application, after the terminal device performs handover, a core network device that serves the terminal device is the first core network device, and the first core network device supports the onboarding function. Therefore, according to the solutions of this application, the first core network device may continue to perform onboarding on the terminal device.

Abstract: A data flow detection method and an apparatus. A user plane function network element receives first indication information, and performs in-situ flow information telemetry on a data flow of a terminal device based on the first indication information. Detection is performed based on a real data packet, and additional data traffic is able to not be simulated.

Abstract: This application provides a method for identifying a terminal device and a communications apparatus. A core network element obtains classification information for classifying a terminal device, and then determines, based on the classification information and a parameter of a first terminal device, a type of the first terminal device, to identify the first terminal device. In this process, the core network element identifies the first terminal device in a supervision area by using the classification information and the parameter of the first terminal device, to identify a terminal device that is not registered in a supervision system, thereby improving security of the terminal device.

Abstract: This application provides a method for performing onboarding. The method includes: A first core network device obtains first information, where the first information indicates that a terminal device performs onboarding, the first core network device is a core network device that serves the terminal device after the terminal device performs handover, and the first core network device supports an onboarding function. The first core network device performs onboarding on the terminal device based on the first information. According to the solutions of this application, after the terminal device performs handover, a core network device that serves the terminal device is the first core network device, and the first core network device supports the onboarding function. Therefore, according to the solutions of this application, the first core network device may continue to perform onboarding on the terminal device.

Abstract: The present application discloses methods and apparatuses for tag management. In an example method, a first mobility management function receives a registration request message sent by an access network device. The registration request message requests to register a tag in a core network. The first mobility management function obtains identification information of a second mobility management function from a unified data management function based on the registration request message. The second mobility management function stores context information of the tag. The first mobility management function obtains the context information of the tag from the second mobility management function.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a packet transmission method and a related apparatus. An access network device receives a first packet from an Internet-of-things (IoT) function network element; the access network device obtains first information, where the first information indicates that the first packet includes a passive or semi-active IoT instruction; and the access network device performs a passive or semi-active IoT operation based on the first packet. According to the foregoing method, the access network device learns that the packet from the IoT function network element is related to a passive or semi-active internet of things, and the access network device performs the passive or semi-active IoT operation based on the first packet. This resolves a packet transmission problem in a scenario in which a passive or semi-active IoT system is converged with a cellular network.

Abstract: This application describes examples of a tag locating method and system, and a related apparatus. In one example, a first network element sends first indication information to a location management function network element, where both the first network element and the location management function network element are network elements in a core network. The location management function network element obtains, based on the first indication information, a result of locating a first tag, and determines location information of the first tag based on the result of locating the first tag. The first network element obtains the location information of the first tag from the location management function network element.

Abstract: This application provides an unmanned aerial vehicle authentication method and an apparatus. The method includes: sending, by a communications device after determining that a type of a terminal is a UAV, authentication information of the terminal to an authentication server, so that the authentication server can perform authentication on the terminal based on the authentication information of the terminal, and therefore, the authentication server completes authentication on the terminal. In addition, the unmanned aerial vehicle is allowed to fly only after authentication on the terminal succeeds. Therefore, flight security of the unmanned aerial vehicle can be improved.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and a communication apparatus. The method includes: A first core network device obtains a target credential and attribute information of the target credential, and sends the target credential to a terminal device. The first core network device triggers, based on the attribute information of the target credential, the terminal device to perform, by using the target credential, an authentication procedure corresponding to the target credential. According to the communication method provided in this application, the terminal device can learn of a specific authentication procedure that should be performed by using an obtained credential. In other words, according to the method, the terminal device can perform, by using the obtained credential, the authentication procedure corresponding to the credential.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose methods, systems, and apparatuses for information transmission. In an example method, a network device receives a first passive internet of things instruction, and sends the first passive internet of things instruction to a terminal. The first passive internet of things instruction is an instruction to be sent to a tag, and the terminal is a helper of the tag.

Abstract: This application provides a wireless communication method and apparatus, to flexibly adjust a receiver and an exciter that are used for radio frequency identification, thereby meeting application requirements of complex scenarios. The method includes: A central node determines a first topology between a receiver and an exciter based on first information, where the receiver and the exciter are used for radio frequency identification, and the first information includes status information of the receiver and/or status information of the exciter; and the central node sends second information to the receiver, where the second information indicates the first topology.

Abstract: This application discloses a security parameter obtaining method, an apparatus, and a system, to ensure security of a private network service. In this application, security parameters used to derive an air interface control plane key and an air interface user plane key are separately generated, the security parameter used to derive the air interface user plane key is derived by using a root key of a private network, and derivation is completed in the private network, to prevent the root key of the private network and a process of deriving the security parameter from being exposed in a public network. In this way, when the air interface user plane key is used to securely transmit service data, security of service data transmission over an air interface can be improved.

Abstract: An access network device obtains an identifier of a tag device, and determines a 3rd generation partnership project 3GPP network user identifier based on the identifier of the tag device. The access network device may further send a first message to an access and mobility management network element, where the first message includes the 3GPP network user identifier, and 3GPP network user identifier is for authenticating the tag device. The tag device may be an RFID tag, a UWB tag, a Bluetooth device, or the like.

Abstract: A first network element or an access network device determines, based on identification information of one or more terminals on which a first operation is performed and type information of the first operation, quantity information of the first operation that is performed, and the first network element sends charging information including the type information and the quantity information to a charging function network element.

Abstract: This application provides an unmanned aerial vehicle authentication method and an apparatus. The method includes: sending, by a communications device after determining that a type of a terminal is a UAV, authentication information of the terminal to an authentication server, so that the authentication server can perform authentication on the terminal based on the authentication information of the terminal, and therefore, the authentication server completes authentication on the terminal. In addition, the unmanned aerial vehicle is allowed to fly only after authentication on the terminal succeeds. Therefore, flight security of the unmanned aerial vehicle can be improved.

Abstract: A communication method and apparatus are provided. The method includes: A session management network element receives first information from user equipment, where the first information indicates a target IMS network to which the user equipment requests to connect, the target IMS network is one of a plurality of IMS networks, and the target IMS network is provided by a target service provider; the session management network element determines first call information based on the first information, where the first call information indicates a target proxy call network element, and the first call information is for establishing a connection between the user equipment and the target IMS network; and the session management network element sends the first call information to the user equipment.