Abstract: An exemplary non-invasive measurement system includes a single-photon counting camera and a processor. The single-photon counting camera includes an array of SPAD detectors configured to detect, during a sequence of gated time intervals, coherent continuous light that exits a body after the light enters and scatters within the body, and output a plurality of electronic signals representative of the detected light. The processor is configured to generate, based on the electronic signals, a sequence of speckle pattern image frames corresponding to the gated time intervals. Other exemplary non-invasive measurement systems are also described.

Abstract: A system includes an assembly, a pinhole array, and a processor. The assembly includes a K by L photodetector array comprising a plurality of photodetectors and configured to detect light that exits a body at a second location after the light enters the body at a first location different than the second location and scatters within the body, and output a plurality of electronic signals representative of the detected light as a function of time. The pinhole array has a K by L array of pinholes configured to be aligned with the photodetectors and is configured to allow a certain amount of light to be incident upon each of the photodetectors. The processor is configured to generate a correlation map that includes a plurality of spatiotemporal correlation measure values corresponding to the light detected by the photodetector array.

Abstract: A non-invasive optical measurement system comprises a two-dimensional array of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) mechanically coupled to each other. Each PIC is configured for emitting sample light into an anatomical structure, such that the sample light is scattered by the anatomical structure, resulting in physiological-encoded signal light that exits the anatomical structure. Each PIC is further configured for detecting the signal light. The non-invasive optical measurement system further comprises processing circuitry configured for analyzing the detected signal light from each of the PICs, and based on this analysis, determining an occurrence and a three-dimensional spatial location of the physiological event in the anatomical structure.

Abstract: An optical measurement system comprises an optical source configured for generating source light having an optical wavelength spectrum. The optical measurement system compises an interferometer configured for splitting the source light into sample light and reference light. The interferometer is further configured for delivering the sample light into an anatomical structure, such that the sample light is scattered by the anatomical structure, resulting in physiological-encoded signal light that exits the anatomical structure. The interferometer is further configured for combining the signal light and the reference light into interference light having the optical wavelength spectrum encoded with depths of the anatomical structure. The optical measurement system further comprises a dispersive spectrometer configured for generating an optical wavelength spectrum-intensity profile from the interference light.

Abstract: A non-invasive optical measurement system comprises an optical source for generating source light, and an interferometer for splitting the source light into sample light and reference light, delivering the sample light into an anatomical structure, resulting in physiological-encoded signal light that exits the anatomical structure, and combining the signal light and the reference light into at least three phase-modulated interference light patterns. The optical path lengths of the respective source light and sample light match within a coherence length of the source light.

Abstract: An optical source sweeps a source light over an optical wavelength range. An interferometer splits the source light into sample light and reference light, delivers the sample light into an anatomical structure, such that the sample light is scattered by the anatomical structure, resulting in physiological-encoded signal light that exits the anatomical structure, and combines the signal light and the reference light into an interference light pattern having an array of spatial components and a plurality of oscillation frequency components. An optical detector array detects intensity values of the array of spatial components.

Abstract: A system includes a photodetector array and a processor. The photodetector array includes a plurality of photodetectors and is configured to detect light that exits a body and output a plurality of electronic signals representative of the detected light as a function of time. The processor is configured to sample the electronic signals output by the photodetector array at a plurality of delay times during a predetermined time period to generate a sequence of frames, apply a plurality of temporal-based and spatial-based correlation measurement operations to sample values in each of the frames, generate, based on the application of the temporal-based and spatial-based correlation measurement operations to the sample values in each of the frames, a plurality of spatiotemporal correlation measure values for the light detected by the photodetector array, and include the plurality of spatiotemporal correlation measure values in a correlation map.

Abstract: A device for irradiating ocular tissue, including a source of electromagnetic radiation; a beacon scattering the electromagnetic radiation transmitted through an opacity in ocular tissue so as to form scattered electromagnetic radiation; a modulator transmitting output electromagnetic radiation having a field determined from a recording of the scattered electromagnetic radiation transmitted through the opacity, so that the output electromagnetic radiation is transmitted through the opacity to the beacon. The device can be used to treat amblyopia or correct optical aberrations in corneal or lens tissue.

Abstract: A magnetic field controlled guidestar for focusing light deep inside scattering media using optical phase conjugation. Compared with the optical and ultrasonic field, the magnetic field has an exceptional penetration depth. The magnetic particle guidestar has a high light-tagging efficiency, good biocompatibility, and a small diameter which enables a sharp and bright focusing deep inside biological tissue. This new method can benefit a wide range of biomedical applications including deep-tissue imaging, neural modulation, and targeted photothermal and photodynamic therapies.

Abstract: A method for irradiating scattering medium, including modifying a particle's response to electromagnetic radiation irradiating the particle in a scattering medium, wherein the electromagnetic radiation is scattered by the scattering medium, and modulated by the modifying, into scattered electromagnetic radiation comprising a scattered field; forming a phase conjugate field, wherein the phase conjugate field is a phase conjugate of the scattered field; and irradiating the scattering medium with the phase conjugate field, wherein the phase conjugate field forms a focus at a target defined by the particle.

Abstract: A method for irradiating scattering medium, including modifying a particle's response to electromagnetic radiation irradiating the particle in a scattering medium, wherein the electromagnetic radiation is scattered by the scattering medium, and modulated by the modifying, into scattered electromagnetic radiation comprising a scattered field; forming a phase conjugate field, wherein the phase conjugate field is a phase conjugate of the scattered field; and irradiating the scattering medium with the phase conjugate field, wherein the phase conjugate field forms a focus at a target defined by the particle.