Abstract: A multi-channel integrated microfluidic chip has at least two layers of channel structures. Each layer of channel structure is provided with a liquid phase input channel. One layer of channel structure is provided with a drop-maker unit and a collection channel. The liquid phase input channel has a liquid phase input port (1) and a resistance control unit (2). The drop-maker unit contains a multiphase emulsification channel (6) and a local resistance control unit (8). The collection channel has a washing channel (9), a washing phase input port (10) and a product output port (11). A method for preparing monodisperse gel microspheres is also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a photo-oxidation reaction of benzylic C—H bonds of an aromatic compound under the catalysis of an acid catalyst. The method aims to synthesize aromatic acids and acetophenones. The acid catalyst is one of Bronsted acids, including one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, and potassium hydrogen sulfate, as well as N-propylsulfonate pyridinium hydrogensulfate, N-butylsulfonate pyridinium hydrogensulfate, N-propylsulfonate pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, N-butylsulfonate pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, N-propylsulfonate pyridinium tetrafluoroborate, and N-butylsulfonate pyridinium tetrafluoroborate. The oxidation reaction is conducted under mild conditions (normal temperature and pressure) using air or oxygen as the oxidant in the presence of recyclable catalyst and solvent.

Abstract: Provided is a photo-oxidation reaction of benzylic C—H bonds of an aromatic compound under the catalysis of an acid catalyst. The method aims to synthesize aromatic acids and acetophenones. The acid catalyst is one of Bronsted acids, including one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, and potassium hydrogen sulfate, as well as N-propylsulfonate pyridinium hydrogensulfate, N-butylsulfonate pyridinium hydrogensulfate, N-propylsulfonate pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, N-butylsulfonate pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate, N-propylsulfonate pyridinium tetrafluoroborate, and N-butylsulfonate pyridinium tetrafluoroborate. The oxidation reaction is conducted under mild conditions (normal temperature and pressure) using air or oxygen as the oxidant in the presence of recyclable catalyst and solvent.

Abstract: A collet comprising a collet ring, a plurality of collet fingers, and an object seat (e.g., ball seat), wherein the object seat comprises a surface (e.g., a curved surface) configured to interface with a correspondingly sized blocking object (e.g., a ball, dart, etc.) to form a seal therebetween, wherein each of the plurality of collet fingers has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is proximate the collet ring, and wherein the second end of at least a portion of the plurality of collet fingers comprises a key (e.g., a tab) that is configured to engage a corresponding latch of a downhole structure.

Abstract: A collet comprising a collet ring, a plurality of collet fingers, and an object seat (e.g., ball seat), wherein the object seat comprises a surface (e.g., a curved surface) configured to interface with a correspondingly sized blocking object (e.g., a ball, dart, etc.) to form a seal therebetween, wherein each of the plurality of collet fingers has a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is proximate the collet ring, and wherein the second end of at least a portion of the plurality of collet fingers comprises a key (e.g., a tab) that is configured to engage a corresponding latch of a downhole structure.

Abstract: Electrical connections between different materials. An electrical connection system includes electrical components and an electrical connection between the electrical components. The electrical connection includes a functionally graded material. A method of making an electrical connection between different materials includes the steps of: providing an electrical component which includes a material; providing another electrical component which includes another material; and electrically connecting a functionally graded material between the electrical components. An electrical connection system includes an electrical component and a functionally graded material electrically connected to the electrical component. The functionally graded material provides a gradual transition between at least two dissimilar materials.

Abstract: A well system having a galvanic time release plug. A well system includes a flow passage and a flow blocking device which selectively obstructs flow through the passage, the device including an electrode in a galvanic cell. A flow blocking device for use in conjunction with a subterranean well includes a portion which delays an electrochemical reaction in a galvanic cell. A method of controlling fluid flow in a well system includes the steps of: obstructing flow through a passage using a flow blocking device which includes an electrode of a galvanic cell; and increasing flow through the passage by operation of the galvanic cell.

Abstract: A downhole seal (50) includes an elastomeric element (98) operably to provide a seal between two downhole components. A strain sensor (102) is embedded in the elastomeric element (98). The strain sensor (102) has a mechanical flexibility that is substantially matched to the mechanical flexibility of the elastomeric element (98). The strain sensor (102) is operably connected to circuitry that is operable to identify changes in a property of the strain sensor (98) indicative of the strain being experienced by the strain sensor (98), which is representative of the strain experienced by the elastomeric element (98).

Abstract: A downhole seal (50) includes an elastomeric element (98) operably to provide a seal between two downhole components. A strain sensor (102) is embedded in the elastomeric element (98). The strain sensor (102) has a mechanical flexibility that is substantially matched to the mechanical flexibility of the elastomeric element (98). The strain sensor (102) is operably connected to circuitry that is operable to identify changes in a property of the strain sensor (98) indicative of the strain being experienced by the strain sensor (98), which is representative of the strain experienced by the elastomeric element (98).

Abstract: Electrical connections between different materials. An electrical connection system includes electrical components and an electrical connection between the electrical components. The electrical connection includes a functionally graded material. A method of making an electrical connection between different materials includes the steps of: providing an electrical component which includes a material; providing another electrical component which includes another material; and electrically connecting a functionally graded material between the electrical components. An electrical connection system includes an electrical component and a functionally graded material electrically connected to the electrical component. The functionally graded material provides a gradual transition between at least two dissimilar materials.

Abstract: A self-contained power generator comprises a fuel source, a solid oxygen source capable of releasing oxygen when heated, an engine capable of generating power by combusting the fuel with the oxygen so as to produce exhaust gases, and an exhaust gas absorbent. The oxygen source and the exhaust gas absorbent are preferably combined. The oxygen source may comprise potassium superoxide in combination with sodium peroxide, potassium oxide, or calcium oxide The engine may be any known heat engine. Fuel is fed to the engine at a desired rate so as to generate power at a desired rate. Heat from said combustion is preferably applied to the oxygen source and heat may be exchanged between the exhaust gases and oxygen. The exhaust gases are preferably absorbed at substantially the same rate as the rate at which they are generated such that pressure in the generator does not increase.

Abstract: A packer set monitoring and compensation system and method according to which the compression of the packer is sensed and a corresponding output signal is generated. The compression of the packer is changed in response to the sensed compression deviating from a predetermined value.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring the compression or deformation of a packer element in a well, according to which at least one member is associated with the packer element and changes its physical state in response to the compression, and the change in the physical state of the member is quantified.

Abstract: A method of producing mullite fibers by inviscid melt spinning includes providing mullite and excess silicate, melting the mullite at a temperature of 1800-2500° C., and extruding the mullite through an orifice. Apparatus for carrying out the method preferably includes a boron nitride (BN) crucible and an argon atmosphere, with a melt temperature of around 2000° C., and a spinning pressure of around 276 kPa (40 psi).