Abstract: A method for determining and/or monitoring the viscosity of a medium with a vibration sensor in which the oscillations of a unit, which can be mechanically oscillated, of the vibration sensor are used to determine whether the medium covers the unit which can be mechanically oscillated. If it does, subsequent oscillations are used to determine whether the medium continues to cover the unit. If it does not, a development over time of the oscillation quality is used to ascertain a statement about the viscosity of the medium. The invention also relates to a vibration sensor.

Abstract: A direct air capture (DAC) CO2 system includes a CO2 reaction reactor including a plurality of sorbent housing units arranged within the reaction reactor, each housing unit having an internal volume at least partially filled with a plurality of functionalized CO2 sorbent particles and a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag including a sensor structured to detect a measured variable within the reaction reactor and a RFID reader compatible with the RFID tag.

Abstract: A direct air capture CO2 system includes a CO2 extraction reactor having a chamber defined by a wall; an air inlet formed in the wall; an air outlet formed in the wall; and housing units defining internal volumes, the housing units arranged within the chamber, at least some of the housing units having spherical and/or ellipsoidal shapes, each of the internal volumes at least partially filled with functionalized CO2 sorbent particles.

Abstract: A converting element for converting between mechanical vibrations and electric signals comprises piezoelectric elements arranged in a stack and a connector, for example a wire. At the outside of the stack are grooves between adjacent piezoelectric elements. The connector is disposed within the grooves which are filled with an electrically conductive filling material. The connector is connected to the stack via a sintering process. The connector comprises inner segments arranged within the grooves and outer segments arranged outside of the grooves. The outer segments are arranged at the outside of the stack. A vibronic sensor may contain the converting unit.

Abstract: A method for producing a bipolar plate (10) for a fuel cell (1), including a plate body (11) for separating the fuel cell (1) from a neighboring fuel cell (1) or a housing. The plate body (11) has a flow field structure (1b) for introducing the reactants into the fuel cell (1). The method includes the following steps: providing a mass (D1) made of electrically conductive particles and a polymer-based adhesive; applying the provided mass (D1) to the plate body (11) of the bipolar plate (10) in the form of the flow field structure (1b); pyrolising the applied mass (D1) which remains on the plate body (11) of the bipolar plate (10) as a shaping element in the form of the flow field structure (1b) and which is connected to the plate body.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a sealed fuel cell (101) for a fuel cell stack (100), comprising a cathode-side distributor plate (K), an anode-side distributor plate (A) and a membrane electrode unit (MEA), said method comprising the following steps: 1) providing a cathode-side distributor plate (K) and an anode-side distributor plate (A), 2) providing a first film web (B1) for sealing the cathode-side distributor plate (K) and a second film web (B2) for sealing the anode-side distributor plate (A), 3) punching a cathode-side distributor structure (VK) for the cathode-side distributor plate (K) out of the first film web (B1) and an anode-side distributor structure (VA) for the anode-side distributor plate (A) out of the second film web (B2), 4) cutting the first film web (B1) to produce a first seal (D1) for the cathode-side distributor structure (VK) and cutting the second film web (B2) to produce a second seal (D2) for the anode-side distributor structure (VA), 5) placing the first seal (D1

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating an electrolyzer (10) for the production of hydrogen and oxygen, comprising a membrane (22), which is permeable to OH ions and separates an anode chamber (14) from a cathode chamber (16), said method comprising at least the following method steps: a) temporary dry operation of the cathode chamber (16), b) temporary diffusion of water molecules through the membrane (22) from the anode chamber (14) into the cathode chamber (16), c) variation of a differential pressure (42) between the cathode chamber (16) and the anode chamber (14) by means of a restrictor valve (46), and d) adjustment of the moistening/wetting of the cathode chamber (16) by adjusting a defined differential pressure (42).

Abstract: The invention relates to intumescent flame-retardant clearcoat formulations containing 20% to 88.5% by weight of an aqueous synthetic resin formulation, 10% to 60% by weight of a phosphoric partial ester, 0.5% to 20% by weight of a polyol and 1% to 30% by weight of further ingredients, and to the use thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a flame-retardant polymer composition containing: a) a salt of a phosphinic acid, b) a salt of phosphinic acid that is different from component a), c) an organylphosphonate, d) a phosphite, e) as applicable, a representative selected from the group consisting of triazine complex, polyphosphate, hypophosphite, nitrogenous diphosphate, organophosphate, phosphazene, and/or polyphosphonate, f) as applicable, a representative selected from the group consisting of metal hydroxide, metal carbonate, metal borate, zinc stannate, and/or intumescence additive, g) as applicable, pigment, and h) at least one thermoplastic elastomeric polymer.

Abstract: What are described are flame retardant mixtures comprising a) salt of a phosphinic acid of the formula (I) ?in which R1 and R2 are independently alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl that are optionally substituted, ?M is an m-valent cation, and ?m is 1 to 4, b) salt of a phosphinic acid of the formula (II) that differs from component a) ?in which R3 is optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, preferably with alkyl radicals as substituents, ?R4 is alkyl with an even number of carbon atoms, with the proviso that, if R1 and/or R2 are alkyl, R4 has twice, three times or four times the number of carbon atoms of R1 or R2, ?M is an n-valent cation, and ?n is 1 to 4, c) organylphosphonate, d) phosphite, e) silicate, alumosilicate and/or silicon dioxide which is solid at 25° C.

Abstract: The invention provides a flame retardant-stabilizer combination for thermoplastic polymers, comprising as component A 20% to 99.7% by weight of phosphinic salt of the formula (I), (I), in which R1 and R2 are each ethyl, M is Al and m is 3; as component B 0.2% to 16% by weight of aluminium salts of ethylbutylphosphinic acid, of dibutylphosphinic acid, of ethylhexylphosphinic acid, of butylhexylphosphinic acid and/or of dihexylphosphinic acid; as component C 0.

Abstract: Described herein is a flame retardant-stabilizer mixture including as a component A, 5% to 95% by weight of aluminium diethylphosphinate (DEPAL) and/or zinc diethylphosphinate (DEPZN); as a component B, 5% to 95% by weight of titanium phosphinates and/or titanyl phosphinates of the formula (I) (DEPTI) in which x is a number from 0 to 1.9; as a component C, 0% to 10% by weight of aluminium phosphite or zinc phosphite of the formula (II), [HP(?O)O2]2?Zn2+, and formula (III), [HP(?O)O2]2?3Al3+2; as a component D, 0% to 30% by weight of a nitrogen-containing synergist and/or of a phosphorus-containing and/or nitrogen-containing flame retardant; as a component E, 0% to 70% by weight of a filler and reinforcer; as a component F, 0% to 3% by weight of an organic phosphonite and/or an organic phosphite and/or mixtures with phenolic antioxidants; and as a component G, 0% to 3% by weight of an ester and/or salt of long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids (fatty acids) typically having chain lengths of C14 to C40.

Abstract: A method for making an upgraded and embossed laminar supporting element, in particular leather, by applying several layers on the surface of the leather, including an aqueous base coat and a lacquer coat and partially removing water and/or solvent from said layers followed by embossing and optionally further drying.

Abstract: The presented invention relates to a cell assembly (100) for the controlled guiding of reactive fluids, wherein: the cell assembly (100) comprises a membrane (101), which has a first side and a second side opposite from the first side; on each of the first side and the second side, a catalyst layer (103) and a microporous layer (105) are disposed; the microporous layer (105) and/or the catalyst layer (103) of at least one side is profiled in such a way that the surface roughness of the catalyst layer (103) differs from the surface roughness of the microporous layer (105), so that the catalyst layer (103) and the microporous layer (105) fit together in parts.

Abstract: Sustainably produced dialkylphosphinic salts The invention provides a process for producing dialkylphosphinic salts of the formula (I), in which a and b may be the same or different and are each independently 1 to 9, and where the carbon chains may be linear, branched or cyclic, and M is Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or a protonated nitrogen base and m is 1 to 4, characterized in that the process comprises: feeding a substream of renewable raw materials and/or recycled raw materials into a main stream of conventional raw materials originated from petroleum; converting said renewable raw material and/or recycled raw materials to ethylene together with said conventional raw materials; reacting the resultant ethylene stream with derivatives of hypophosphorous acid to give a derivative of the dialkylphosphinic acid; and reacting said derivative of the dialkylphosphinic acid with a metal salt to give dialkylphosphinic salts of the formula (I), wherein the renewable raw

Abstract: Described herein is a flame retardant-stabilizer mixture including as a component A, 5% to 95% by weight of aluminium diethylphosphinate (DEPAL) and/or zinc diethylphosphinate (DEPZN); as a component B, 5% to 95% by weight of titanium phosphinates and/or titanyl phosphinates of the formula (I) (DEPTI) in which x is a number from 0 to 1.9; as a component C, 0% to 10% by weight of aluminium phosphite or zinc phosphite of the formula (II), [HP(?O)O2]2?Zn2+, and formula (III), [HP(?O)O2]2?3Al3+2; as a component D, 0% to 30% by weight of a nitrogen-containing synergist and/or of a phosphorus-containing and/or nitrogen-containing flame retardant; as a component E, 0% to 70% by weight of a filler and reinforcer; as a component F, 0% to 3% by weight of an organic phosphonite and/or an organic phosphite and/or mixtures with phenolic antioxidants; and as a component G, 0% to 3% by weight of an ester and/or salt of long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids (fatty acids) typically having chain lengths of C14 to C40.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a precursor material (10) for an electrochemical cell. The method comprises the steps of adding a matrix material (18) to a fluidized bed (40), and adding a carrier medium (48) and a de-agglomerated carbon nanotube material (22) to the fluidized bed (40), so that the carbon nanotube material (22) and the carrier medium (48) is applied to the matrix material (18) and the latter is granulated therewith, wherein the carbon nanotube material (22) has been suspended and de-agglomerated prior to addition to the carrier medium (48), and/or the carbon nanotube material (22) present in de-agglomerated form in the fluidized bed (40) dissolving with the carrier medium (48) in the fluidized bed (40).

Abstract: Phosphorus-containing flame retardant mixtures, a process for production of said mixtures and use of said mixtures, and also epoxy resin formulations which comprise said flame retardant mixtures. The present invention relates to phosphorus-containing flame retardant mixtures, comprising individual flame retardants having in each case one or more functional groups of the formulae (I), (II) and (III), where, based on the total quantity of functional groups in the flame retardant mixture, 1 to 98 mol % of functional groups of the formula (I), 1 to 35 mol % of functional groups of the formula (II) and 1 to 98 mol % of functional groups of the formula (III) are present, and where R1 and R2 are identical or different and are mutually independently hydrogen, C1- to C12-alkyl, linear or branched, and/or C6- to C18-aryl and the entirety of (I), (II) and (III) is always 100 mol %.

Abstract: The invention relates to additive mixtures for plastics containing phosphinic acid of the formula (I) as component A, wherein R1 and R2 mean ethyl, M is Al, Fe, TiOp or Zn, m means 2 to <4, preferably 2 or 3, and p=(4?m)/2 is a compound selected from the group of Al, Fe, TiOp or Zn salts of ethylbutylphosphinic acid, dibutylphosphinic acid, ethylhexylphosphinic acid, butylhexylphosphinic acid and/or dihexylphosphinic acid as component B, phosphonic acid salt of formula (II) as component C, wherein R3 means ethyl, Met is Al, Fe, TiOq or Zn, n means 2 to 3, and q=(4?n)/2, and antimony, tin and/or indium as component D. Polymer compositions containing said additive mixtures are characterized by exceptional flame protection and by very good laser markability or laser weldability.

Abstract: An electrode material (1) for a fuel cell (50), comprising a planar body (11) made of an electrically conductive foam having an open and continuous porosity for at least one operating medium of the fuel cell (50), wherein the planar body (11) has a top side (12) and a bottom side (13), and wherein the thickness (14) of the material across all points (12a, 12a?) on the surface of the top side (12), measured in each case between a point (12a, 12a?) on the surface of the top side (12) and the point (13a, 13a?) opposite this point (12a, 12a?) on the surface of the bottom side (13), varies by at least 10%.