Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing foundry ingots (1) from metal, in particular from steel, having a cross-sectional area of more than 0.1 m2, wherein liquid metal (2) is discharged into an ingot mold (15) open at the bottom either directly form a casting ladle (11) or via a tundish (12), and wherein, by a drawing piston (28), which is vertically movable in the direction of a longitudinal axis (5) of the foundry ingot (1) and on which the foundry ingot (1) is at least indirectly arranged, the at least partially solidified foundry ingot (1) is drawn from the ingot mold (15) in the direction of the longitudinal axis (5).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing foundry ingots (1) from metal, in particular from steel, having a cross-sectional area of more than 0.1 m2, wherein liquid metal (2) is discharged into an ingot mold (15) open at the bottom either directly form a casting ladle (11) or via a tundish (12), and wherein, by a drawing piston (28), which is vertically movable in the direction of a longitudinal axis (5) of the foundry ingot (1) and on which the foundry ingot (1) is at least indirectly arranged, the at least partially solidified foundry ingot (1) is drawn from the ingot mold (15) in the direction of the longitudinal axis (5).

Abstract: Method for producing ingots made of metal having cross-sectional areas of at least 0.

Abstract: Method for producing ingots made of metal having cross-sectional areas of at least 0.

Abstract: A water-cooled cover for a treatment vessel for metal melts, wherein the preferably refractorily lined treatment vessel serves in particular for the treatment of liquid metal, in particular of steel, by blowing in solids or gases, or inductive stirring at atmosphere or in vacuum. The cover is formed dome-like, wherein the ratio of inner clear height (h) to inner clear diameter (D) of a flange of the cover is at least 0.2. On the side facing the metal melt, an inner wall of the cover is formed substantially smooth and free of grooves and gaps. Cooling channels arranged on the outer side of the inner wall so that the surface temperature of the inner wall is maintained at a temperature of maximum 350° C.

Abstract: For the metallurgical treatment of steel melts, a lance is guided through a guide tube with gland into a reaction chamber, on which a water-cooled connection with a connector flange and a vacuum-sealed housing with a housing flange are located, as well as a compensator installed between the housing and the gland guide tube for compensating lateral, axial or angular relative motions of the guide tube and housing during the course of movement.

Abstract: A method and an installation for the continuous checking and regulation of the level of the surface of a slag bath in an ESR installation with short slidable molds. For the continuous measurement of the position of the surface of the slag bath, the method employs a radar beam emitted by a radar measuring probe and directed approximately vertically onto the surface.

Abstract: A water-cooled cover for a treatment vessel for metal melts, wherein the preferably refractorily lined treatment vessel serves in particular for the treatment of liquid metal, in particular of steel, by blowing in solids or gases, or inductive stirring at atmosphere or in vacuum. The cover is formed dome-like, wherein the ratio of inner clear height (h) to inner clear diameter (D) of a flange of the cover is at least 0.2. On the side facing the metal melt, an inner wall of the cover is formed substantially smooth and free of grooves and gaps. Cooling channels arranged on the outer side of the inner wall so that the surface temperature of the inner wall is maintained at a temperature of maximum 350° C.

Abstract: To produce hollow ingots, at least two consumable electrodes having a diameter of at least 1.0 times the wall thickness of the hollow ingots are melted in a short, water-cooled mold that is flared particularly in a T-shape in the area of the consumable electrodes, wherein the inner wall of the hollow ingot is formed by a mandrel with a conicity of at least 1.5% that is installed in the mold from above, and the level of the liquid heel is maintained below the T-shaped flaring of the mold.

Abstract: The invention relates to method and a device for controlling condenser cooling water of a steam-jet vacuum pump in non-barometric installation; wherein an outer measuring pot constructed as communicating container provides the target value for a speed-controlled pump by means of measuring sensors.

Abstract: The energy consumption during electroslag remelting is determined to a considerable extent by the heat losses of a slag bath on the wall of a water-cooled ingot mould. A process and an ingot mould suitable for carrying it out wherein these heat losses may be avoided for the most part. Remelting thus takes place in a short, two-part sliding ingot mould known per se, except in the start-up phase, during normal block construction, the metal surface is always kept in the lower, water-cooled part of the ingot mould- that is below the line of separation between water-cooled part and insulated part of the same—by corresponding control of the relative movement between ingot mould and remelting block, so that the distance between the surface area of the metal surface on the one hand and the planes determined by the line of separation between cooled part and insulated part on the other hand, is at least 5 mm, but 100 mm at the most.

Abstract: For the metallurgical treatment of steel melts, a lance (7) is guided through a guide tube (8) with gland (14) into a reaction chamber, on which a water-cooled connection (1) with a connector flange (4) and a vacuum-sealed housing (5) with a housing flange (3) are located, as well as a compensator (12) installed between the housing and the gland guide tube (8) for compensating lateral, axial or angular relative motions of the guide tube (8) and housing (5) during the course of movement.

Abstract: The energy consumption during electroslag remelting is determined to a considerable extent by the heat losses of a slag bath on the wall of a water-cooled ingot mould. A process and an ingot mould suitable for carrying it out wherein these heat losses may be avoided for the most part.

Abstract: A method for producing metallic ingots or strands, especially from steel and Ni and Co based alloys, by melting self-consuming electrodes in an electroconductive slag bath, using an alternating current or a direct current in a short water-cooled mold which opens downwards, via which an electric contact can be produced for the slag bath. The supplied melt current is passed via the consumable electrode, the bottom plate, the remelt ingot and the melting bath, and optionally at least one electroconductive element of the mold, to the slag bath. The current distribution can be regulated in a controlled manner and the return circuit of the melt current passes back via at least one other electroconductive element of the mold, which is electrically isolated in relation to a first part of the mold which forms the remelt ingot. The proportion of the entire melt current supplied via the bottom plate is selected between 0 and 100%.

Abstract: A method for producing metal ingots or billets, especially from steels and Ni- and Co- base alloys, by melting off consumable electrode in an electroconductive slag bath using alternating or direct current in a short, downwardly opening, water-cooled mould through which a current contact can be established with the slag bath. The melting current is introduced into the slag bath through the consumable electrode and through the mould in a controlled manner in terms of regulating the distribution of the current between the electrode and the mould; and is conducted back through the mould and the block and the base plate at option; the division of the currents being adjustable in a controlled manner. The proportion of the overall melting current delivered that is delivered via the consumable electrode can be chosen from between 0 and 100%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and the apparatus required for carrying out the method for the continuous production of billets or ingots of metals, in particular steels and Ni- and Co-base alloys using the method of electroslag remelting and electroslag continuous casting in downwardly open water-cooled ingot molds, in which the billet issuing downwardly from the ingot mold is pressed against at least one guide element arranged rigidly in respect of its position with respect to the ingot mold axis, by at least one clamping element arranged opposite the guide element, in such a way that the regions of the billet surface which are in contact with the guide or clamping elements change within short intervals of time, wherein at least one of the elements is driven to withdraw the billet while the others move with the billet and a contact with a current source can be made by way of at least one of the elements.

Abstract: In a method of producing substantially segregation-free and in particular freckle-free castings of metal—in particular high-alloyed steels and Ni- and Co-based alloys of large dimensions in accordance with an electroslag melting or casting method—using a short electrically conductive water-cooled chill mold (10), in the wall of which current-conducting elements (6) which are not directly water-cooled are installed in electrically insulated relationship with the part of the chill mold (10) forming the casting, a substantially segregation-free and freckle-free bloom (24) of a cross-sectional area which is at most 90% of the part of the chill mold (10) forming the casting is arranged therein and connected to the supplied metal, using a slag bath (31) which is heated by the flow of current and which is disposed in the region of the current-conducting elements (16) by continually quantitatively controlledly pouring in liquid metal (34)—or by the supply of solid metal in the form of for example gr

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing metallic ingots or strands, especially from steel and Ni and Co based alloys, by melting self-consuming electrodes in an electroconductive slag bath, using an alternating current or a direct current in a short water-cooled mould which opens downwards, via which an electric contact can be produced for the slag bath. The supplied melt current is passed via the consumable electrode, the bottom plate, the remelt ingot and the melting bath, and optionally at least one electroconductive element of the mould, to the slag bath. The current distribution can be regulated in a controlled manner and the return circuit of the melt current passes back via at least one other electroconductive element of the mould, which is electrically isolated in relation to a first part of the mould which forms the remelt ingot. The proportion of the entire melt current supplied via the bottom plate is selected between 0 and 100%.

Abstract: A method for producing metal ingots or billets, especially from steels and Ni- and Co-base alloys, by melting off consumable electrode in an electroconductive slag bath using alternating or direct current in a short, downwardly opening, water-cooled mould through which a current contact can be established with the slag bath. The melting current is introduced into the slag bath through the consumable electrode and through the mould in a controlled manner in terms of regulating the distribution of the current between the electrode and the mould; and is conducted back through the mould and the block and the base plate at option; the division of the currents being adjustable in a controlled manner. The proportion of the overall melting current delivered that is delivered via the consumable electrode can be chosen from between 0 and 100%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and the apparatus required for carrying out the method for the continuous production of billets or ingots of metals, in particular steels and Ni- and Co-base alloys using the method of electroslag remelting or electroslag continuous casting in downwardly open water-cooled ingot molds (10), in which the billet (20) issuing downwardly from the ingot mold (10) is pressed against at least one guide element (24, 24,) arranged rigidly in respect of its position with respect to the ingot mold axis (A), by at least one clamping element (26) arranged opposite the guide element, in such a way that the regions of the billet surface which are in contact with the guide or clamping elements (24, 26) change within short intervals of time, wherein at least one of said elements is driven to withdraw the billet while the others move with the billet and a contact with a current source can be made by way of at least one of said elements.