Abstract: A process for manufacturing a carbon catalyst for use in NO.sub.x reduction with ammonia catalyzed by active carbons and active cokes is described. The new carbon catalyst exhibits improved catalytic activity and hence a higher yield in NO. In the manufacturing process, a mixture of ground, oxidized hard coal and binders is moulded, carbonized at temperatures between 700.degree. and 900.degree. C., and then activated with steam at a temperature of 800.degree. to 850.degree. C. for 45 to 100 minutes, until a degree of activation of 5 to 15% is obtained.

Abstract: Process for producing an active catalyst by ammonia treatment of active carbons at high temperatures, in which an active carbon/active coke is impregnated with an aqueous solution of ammonium sulphate, which can be reacted with sulphuric acid, is dried at 120.degree. C. and is then heated in an inert gas stream to temperatures above 350.degree. C. Application of the active carbon catalyst as a reducing and/or oxidizing catalyst, for example for NO.sub.x elimination from exhaust gases using ammonia.

Abstract: Use of activated carbon for reduction of nitric oxides with ammonia from exhaust gases using ammonia as reduction agent in the temperature range between 90.degree.-150.degree. C., made from hardcoal, blended with binding agents like pitch, bitumen, tar or tar oil, shaped and subjected to low-temperature carbonization with a heating rate of 20.degree.-100.degree. C./min to temperature between 700.degree.-900.degree. C. in an atmosphere containing 2-5% by vol. of oxygen, so that for the activated coke 2-8% of volatile matter and a surface of 20-150 am.sup.2 /g is arrived at.

Abstract: A sampling device for solids from a pressure reactor includes a housing which is connected to the reactor and accommodates a tube with its one end opening into the reactor. Movable within the tube is a sampling piston which is provided with gas-impermeable piston rings. To withdraw solids from the reactor, the piston is moved into the reactor such that the forward piston ring projects into the chamber of the reactor and is then retracted with a solids sample arranged in between the piston rings. The piston is moved to an opening of the tube so that the solids sample can be discharged to the outside.

Abstract: Fuels, particularly caking fuels, are supplied in a fluidized bed reactor by conveying a fuel through an injection pipe with an end provided with an injection nozzle in a fluidized bed reactor, conveying a fluid through a jacket pipe surrounding the injection pipe and having an end provided with a jacket nozzle, wherein the jacket pipe is interrupted prior to the jacket nozzle, as considered in the flow direction, and at a predetermined location, and bypassing by a heat exchanger at this location at which the jacket pipe is interrupted.

Abstract: A method for thermal treatment, especially drying, of finely particulated bulk material comprises the steps of stirring the material in a reactor by means of a rotating stirrer while simultaneously discharging a heated gas under pressure through openings in a hollow arm of the stirrer so as to form in the reactor a whirling fluidized bed from the material, and introducing the necessary amount of heat for the thermal treatment of the material at least in part through a heat exchanger extending into the whirling fluidized bed.

Abstract: An adsorption-desorption process for the recovery of hydrogen from a feed gas containing trace pollutants adapted to be strongly adsorbed, in concentrations generally below 1% by volume and containing components adapted for only light adsorption, in concentrations above 1% by volume is operated through a preliminary first adsorption stage for the strongly adsorbable trace pollutants and a second main adsorption stage for the light adsorbable components and for the discharge of hydrogen. Contrary to the prior art where the adsorption-desorption was effected by alternating high pressure and low pressure cycles in the main adsorption stage only, the pressure cycles in the present case are carried out both in the preliminary first adsorption stage and in the second main adsorption stage, preferably by arranging the two adsorption states in series. The process substantially extends the service time of the adsorber used in the first adsorption stage.

Abstract: Product gas is produced by partial gasification of coke or coal. The coke or coal is admitted in particulate form into a gasification zone where it undergoes partial gasification. The residue of coke or coal is then forwarded into a combustion zone where it is combusted to liberate heat. A gaseous heat carrier is first passed through the combustion zone to become heated therein, is then passed through the gasification zone to sustain the partial gasification process, and is then recirculated into the combustion zone to be reheated.

Abstract: A method for the production of acetylene from coal and hydrogen is provided by electric arc heating. The coal has a content of volatile components (i.waf) from about 25 to 44 percent and a content of organic oxygen (i.waf) of less than 9 percent and is ground to a diameter of less than 0.5 mm. The coal is then separated into two to four grain size fractions and one of the grain size fractions is loaded on a hydrogen containing gas. The gas carrying the coal is heated by way of an electric arc with an energy of from about 5 to 20 kJ/l (in normal state). The ratio of electric power employed to coal stream is from about 4,000 to 40,000 kJ/kg coal. The coal is heated for a time duration about inversely proportional to the third root of the specific outer surface of the coal gain fraction. The resulting product gas is quenched with cold liquid hydrocarbons, with hydrogen or water. Acetylene yields of up to about 0.41 kg acetylene per kg coal can be obtained.

Abstract: Apparatus for purification of waste water includes an upright adsorber filled with active carbon passing in downward direction through the adsorber while waste water flows in upward direction therethrough. A distributing arrangement is produced at the region of the lower end of the adsorber, into which waste water is fed, and constructed to assure a substantial even distribution of the waste water during its upward flow through the carbon column. A regulating arrangement is provided to regulate the flow of the carbon through the adsorber in dependence on the concentration of the organic contaminants adsorbed by the carbon.

Abstract: An apparatus for purification of waste water includes an upright adsorber filled with inorganic granular adsorption material flowing in downward direction through the adsorber while waste water is fed in upward direction therethrough. The adsorber has a frustoconical outlet portion in which an inlet cone, having a perforated upwardly tapering wall, is provided into which the waste water is fed to assure a substantially even distribution of the waste water in the column of granular adsorption material during the upward flow of the waste water through the adsorber.

Abstract: The present process is an improvement of an earlier process wherein a nitrogen enriched gas is obtained from a gas containing oxygen and possibly other components. In that process the feed gas is passed in a continuous flow cycle through an adsorber containing carbonaceous molecular sieve coke followed by evacuation of the adsorber, oxygen and possibly other gas components being adsorbed and the discharged nitrogen-enriched gas being collected until the continually rising oxygen contents thereof reaches a predetermined limit value whereupon the molecular sieve coke is desorbed of the residual gases prior to the next charging cycle. The present improvement is constituted by the feature that the flow of feed gas through the molecular sieve coke is effected at a continually increasing pressure until a terminal pressure of about 3 to 10 bar has been reached.

Abstract: In a process for eliminating impurities and undesirable components from gas mixtures by passing the mixture through an activated carbon-containing adsorber. Sulfur compounds including hydrogen sulfide are eliminated by increasing the oxygen contents of the gas mixture which contains at least oxygen and/or sulfur dioxide in addition to the hydrogen sulfide to an extent that a hydrogen sulfide oxygen molar ratio is obtained in the gas mixture which is between about 1:0.45 and 1:0.65. The process may also be carried out with two groups of adsorbers where in the first adsorber the elemental sulfur is eliminated in liquid form and where the remaining minor portion of sulfur in vaporous or mist-like form is then removed in the second group of adsorber or adsorbers by adsorption on the activated coal. The purified gas is then recovered from the adsorber or with two groups of adsorbers from the second group of adsorber or adsorbers and the activated carbon is subjected to periodic regeneration cycles.

Abstract: A membrane having a preselected pore type which is suited for separating processes comprising a shaped body formed by heating a mixture of finely ground carbonaceous material with a binder composed of about 5 to 20% by weight natural or synthetic elastomer or a mixture of both and of about 1 to 20% by weight of thermoplastic material to about 400.degree. to 1400.degree. C. in an inert atmosphere at a rate of temperature increase between 0.1.degree. and 10.degree. C./min. The membranes are useful for a wide range of selective chemical and physical separation operations of different materials.

Abstract: The floor in a whirl (i.e. fluidizing) chute for treating solid particles in a vortex of gas advancing in longitudinal direction of the chute comprises a grate for introducing into the chute the whirling gas to impart to the particles a whirling motion in vertical direction and to advance the whirling particles in longitudinal direction, and at least one layer of filling bodies arranged on the grate in the direction of advance of the particles whereby the size of the filling bodies and the height of the layer is adjusted according to desired whirling speed of the treated particles.

Abstract: Bodies are press-molded from a mixture of particulate fuel and a binder. These bodies are heated to a temperature between about 600.degree.-900.degree. C. in a rotary furnace to degas them. The degassing is carried out without subjecting the bodies to mechanical stresses and without permitting combustion of the expelled volatile gases. The resulting shaped coke has a greatly improved abrasion resistance.

Abstract: Apparatus for purification of waste water includes an upright adsorber filled with active carbon passing in downward direction through the adsorber while waste water flows in upward direction therethrough. A distributing arrangement at the region of the lower end of the adsorber, into which waste water is fed, is provided to assure a substantial even distribution of the waste water during its upward flow through the carbon column. Furthermore, a regulating arrangement is provided to regulate the flow of the carbon through the adsorber in dependence on the concentration of the organic contaminants adsorbed by the carbon.

Abstract: A reaction vessel for regenerating particulate adsorbents has a bottom outlet and top inlets for admission of the adsorbent to be regenerated by being heated to a regeneration temperature, and for a particulate regenerating material at a temperature above the regeneration temperature. The mixture of the adsorbent with the regenerating material forms a bed in the reaction vessel and is continuously withdrawn through the outlet so that the bed descends toward the latter and is replenished from above under the formation of a cone at the upper region of the bed. A plurality of tubular baffles coaxially surrounds the inlets which are also coaxial with one another, each of the tubular baffles penetrating into the bed in the region of the cone and retards the flow of the particles of the mixture down the slope of the cone in that the particles must pass underneath the baffle to flow to the next baffle.

Abstract: A charged adsorbent is accommodated in a desorbing vessel and in an intermediate container which communicates with the desorbing vessel. The charged adsorbent is desorbed in the desorbing vessel by contacting the same with a heat carrier, such as with hot sand, and a desorption gas which develops during the desorption of the charged adsorbent in the desorbing vessel is passed through the charged adsorbent accommodated in the intermediate container to capture at least one component of the desorption gas in the charged adsorbent present in the intermediate container. The purified desorption gas is withdrawn from the intermediate container, and the regenerated adsorbent is gradually discharged from the desorbing vessel and the supply of the adsorbent in the desorbing vessel is replenished by charged adsorbent from the intermediate container. The desorption gas is cooled during the passage thereof through the charged adsorbent present in the intermediate container.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating undesirable components from a waste gas by adsorption of the components onto a granular adsorbent. The gas is caused to flow serially through two distinct side-by-side layers of adsorbent both moving parallel to one another in a direction perpendicular to the direction of gas flow. The adsorbent material is so controlled that the particles of the second layer to be contacted by the gas are less loaded with impurities than the particles of the first layer. In one embodiment, this result is achieved by moving the second layer faster than the first layer.