Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R=(subst.) alkyl or (subst.) cycloalkyl, which are suitable as intermediates for preparing herbicidal sulfonylureas. According to the invention, the compounds (I) are prepared by(a) diazotizing a compound of the formula (II) ##STR2## in the presence of an acid H.sup.+ X.sup.-, where X.sup.- is an equivalent of an anion, to give the novel compounds (diazonium salts) of the formula (III) ##STR3## (b) reacting the compound of the formula (III) in the presence of iodide ions to give the compound (IV) and ##STR4## (c) reacting the compound of the formula (IV) with an isocyanate of the formula (V)R--N.dbd.C.dbd.O (V)in which R is as defined in formula (I), to give the compound of the formula (I).

Abstract: Disclosed and claimed is a process for the preparation of a carbamate (IV)Ar--O--CO--NR--B (IV)by reaction of a saltM.sup..sym. .crclbar.NR--B (II-S)with a diaryl carbonate(ArO).sub.2 CO (III).The carbamate can be reacted, without any necessity of intermediate isolation, with a sulfonamide A--SO.sub.2 NH.sub.2 (V) to give a sulfonylurea (I) or salts thereofA--SO.sub.2 --NH--CO--NR--B (I).And thus, disclosed and claimed too is a process for the preparation of sulfonylurea (I) by (i) contacting a salt (II-S) with a diaryl carbonate (III) to form a carbamate (IV), and (ii) contacting carbamate (IV) from step (i) with or without intermediate isolation, with a sulfonamide (V). These processes avoid the use of alkali metal hydrides as a base. And, these processes can additionally include the preparation of salt (II-S) from a compound H--NR--B (II) and base M.sup..sym. Base.sup..crclbar..

Abstract: The title compounds are obtained by racemate resolution of D,L-homoalanin-4-yl(methyl)phosphinic acid via precipitation of one of the diastereomeric salts using chiral bases such as quinine or cinchonine. It is possible to increase the yield of desired enantiomer by transformed racemate resolution when the precipitation of the diastereomeric salt takes place with the racemization of the undesired enantiomer in the presence of (hetero)--aromatic aldehydes. The racemization method is also suitable for structurally different optically active amino acids.

Abstract: Processes for preparing ?L!- or ?D!-homoalanin-4-yl-(methyl)phosphinic acid and salts thereof by racemate resolutionThe title compounds are obtained by racemate resolution of D,L-homoalanin-4-yl (methyl)phosphinic acid via precipitation of one of the diastereomeric salts using chiral bases such as quinine or cinchonine. It is possible to increase the yield of desired enantiomer by transformed racemate resolution when the precipitation of the diastereomeric salt takes place with the racemization of the undesired enantiomer in the presence of (hetero)aromatic aldehydes. The racemization method is also suitable for structurally different optically active amino acids.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R is (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl, which comprises reacting a compound of the formula II ##STR2## with an alcoholate of the formula IIIMet-OR (III)where Met is Na or K and R has the abovementioned meaning, at temperature from -30.degree. C. to +10.degree. C.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula (I)H.sub.3 C--P(.dbd.O)(OR)--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 COOR (I)in which R is (C.sub.4 -C.sub.8)alkyl are suitable as intermediates for the preparation of herbicides.They can be prepared according to the invention, in which compounds of the formula (II)CH.sub.3 P(.dbd.O) (Cl)--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 COCl (II)are reacted with an alcohol of the formula ROH or a corresponding alcohol mixture at -30.degree. to +50.degree. C.

Abstract: A large number of customary processes for separating amino acids fails when very polar hydrophilic amino acids with isoelectric points (IEP) which are close to one another are to be fractionated. Mixtures of L-glutamic acid (IEP=3.24) and L-phosphinothricin (IEP=2.6) produced by enzymatic transaminations of the corresponding .alpha.-keto acid have been difficult to separate to date. The invention relates to a process for separating L-phosphinothricin and L-glutamic acid, which comprises carrying out the separation as liquid/liquid extraction with two non-miscible aqueous phases as phase system, where the phase former contained in the phase system is a combination of at least two different water-soluble polymers or of at least one water-soluble salt and one water-soluble polymer, and the extraction is carried out by multistage countercurrent partition on the van Dijck principle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, alkoxy andR.sup.2 is hydrogen, halogen, alkoxy or phenoxy, which may be substituted by halogen, alkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio, by reaction of a compound of the formula II ##STR2## with a compound of the formula II ##STR3## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the meanings as in formula I, in the presence of catalytically active amounts of hexachloroplatinic acid, which comprises metering the starting compounds of the formulae II and III simultaneously into the reaction vessel at temperatures of 60.degree. C. to 150.degree. C. and allowing the reaction to go to completion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the racemization of D-2-N-phenacetylamino-4-methylphosphinobutyric acid ##STR1## which comprises carrying out the racemization in glacial acetic acid and in the presence of acetic anhydride. The invention makes it possible to convert economically a fairly inactive herbicide into the racemic mixture which contains the highly active L form. The latter can be separated off from the racemized mixture by known methods.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the preparation of compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R denotes fluorine, chlorine, bromine or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl,R.sup.1 denotes (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl,R.sup.2 denotes H, methyl, methoxy, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or trifluoromethyl, andX denotes Cl or Br, by reaction of nitriles of the formula II ##STR2## with alcohols of the formula III and hydrogen chloride or bromide, which comprises carrying out the reaction under pressure at temperatures from - .degree. C. to +50.degree. C., if appropriate in the presence of a diluent, ad subsequently converting the resulting hydrochloride or hydrobromide into the free base.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of 2,6-dichlorobenzoxazole and 2,6-dichlorobenzthiazole by chlorinating K.sup.+ or Na.sup.+ salts of 6-chloro-2-mercaptobenzoxazole or of 6-chloro-2-mercaptobenzthiazole in halogenated hydrocarbons as suspending agents.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved process for the preparation of N,N'-diformylhydrazine of the formula ##STR1## from the hydrazine hydrate and formamide, which comprises operating in two temperature steps and under reduced pressure in order to remove rapidly the ammonia formed from the system. A very pure product is obtained in a yield of above 95%, relative to hydrazine hydrate.

Abstract: 1,2,4-triazole is obtained by cyclization of N,N'-diformylhydrazine with ammonia in the presence of formamide. The amount of ammonia required is either formed in situ from thermally decomposable ammonium salts, or supplied by feeding in gaseous ammonia. Simultaneously, the water of reaction is constantly distilled off from the system.

Abstract: The amide nitrogen of 9,9-dimethyl-2-oxa-4-oxo-3,8-diazaspiro-(4,5)-decane reacts with isocyanates or diisocyanates to give novel urea derivatives which can be used as light stabilizers for plastic materials.

Abstract: The invention provides novel 4-carbamoyl derivatives of 1-oxa-3-oxo-4,8-diaza-spiro-[4,5]-decanes and their preparation from 1 oxa-3-oxo-4,8-diaza-spiro-[4,5]-decanes and isocyanates. The products are suitable light stabilizers for thermoplastics.