Abstract: Compositions and methods for improving transperitoneal oxygen uptake during peritoneal ventilation for extrapulmonary oxygenation of an organism or individual organs in preferably life-threatening case of need, such as pulmonary failure or circulatory shock, are disclosed. Such deficiencies can be addressed by transperitoneal administration of oxygen via a gas introduced into the abdominal cavity. A liquid, preferably aqueous, composition including an oxygen carrier such as hemoglobin is used, which, surprisingly, is capable of increasing the effectiveness of the diffusion of the oxygen administered by a one-time or repeated filling or continuous flushing of the abdominal cavity. An oxygen carrier, such as hemoglobin or derivatives thereof, is used for the manufacture of a composition for improvement of the diffusion of oxygen (gas) introduced into mucus layers of the peritoneum, preferably to enhance the diffusion of oxygen in transperitoneal ventilation.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for improving transperitoneal oxygen uptake during peritoneal ventilation for extrapulmonary oxygenation of an organism or individual organs in preferably life-threatening case of need, such as pulmonary failure or circulatory shock, are disclosed. Such deficiencies can be addressed by transperitoneal administration of oxygen via a gas introduced into the abdominal cavity. A liquid, preferably aqueous, composition including an oxygen carrier such as hemoglobin is used, which, surprisingly, is capable of increasing the effectiveness of the diffusion of the oxygen administered by a one-time or repeated filling or continuous flushing of the abdominal cavity. An oxygen carrier, such as hemoglobin or derivatives thereof, is used for the manufacture of a composition for improvement of the diffusion of oxygen (gas) introduced into mucus layers of the peritoneum, preferably to enhance the diffusion of oxygen in transperitoneal ventilation.

Abstract: According to the claims, the present invention comprises the preparation of chemically modified, cross-linked hemoglobins with improved functional properties, the cross-linked hemoglobins prepared according to this method and the use of these hemoglobins as artificial oxygen carriers. The synthesis method is characterized by technical simplicity as well as by high yields. Deoxygenated hemoglobin of high purity is conjugated covalently under the protection of an antioxidant with an effector of oxygen binding, especially with pyridoxal-5-phosphate, after which the hemoglobin is polymerized with glutardialdehyde as a bifunctional cross-linking agent. At the same time, there is a large increase in the volume of the reaction mixture and a decrease in the concentration of the hemoglobin during the addition of the cross-linking agent. Subsequently, after further dilution with water, a polyethylene oxide derivative is chemically linked to the cross-linked hemoglobins.

Abstract: In a process or device for very accurate determination of the plane of polarization of polarized light, the light from a light source (1) is polarized by means of a polarizing filter (2) which has a certain setting angle &thgr;0 with respect to the first reference plane, the plane of incidence on the reflecting surface (4). The polarized beam (12) passes through the sample in the measurement chamber (3), in which the angle of rotation is changed by the small angle &thgr;MG. The sum of &thgr;0 and &thgr;MG gives the angle of rotation &thgr;e , at which the beam (13) emerging from the measurement chamber is partially reflected at the surface of a medium of higher refractive index (4).