Abstract: Sterilely enclosing a container by means of at least two caps by: gripping a first region of a container provided with a first cap in a first region by means of first tongs, by gripping and clamping the first cap; and sliding a second cap onto a second region of the container in such a way that one or more of: the second cap abuts the first cap, the second cap slips over the first cap, or the second cap is slipped over by the first cap; or the first cap and the second cap are connected by means of complementary screw threads, protrusions, cut-outs, or engagement elements; or a connection that provides sterile sealing-off from the outside of the first and second caps can be formed between the first and second caps, leaving a bridgeable distance between the first and second caps.

Abstract: A labelling arrangement for a multi-part container includes a sleeve-shaped cap element having an interlocking structure adapted to be applied to a first part of the container and coupled to the first part by the interlocking structure. The labelling arrangement further includes a sealing label adapted to be attached to a second part of the container by a second label portion and to surround the applied cap element by a first label portion. The labelling arrangement further includes at least one severing region so that, when the container applied with the labelling arrangement is opened, the labelling arrangement is severable in the severing region and at least a part of the cap element is removable together with the first part of the container from the second part of the container.

Abstract: To permit calibrating and testing a current-limiting sensor in situ, the sensor is exposed, from time to time, to ambient air forming a standard gas, and the output thereof compared with a standard, for example by connecting a resistor (4) of standard value in circuit therewith or for recalling from a memory (23) in a microcomputer (22) standard conditions; upon determination of a deviation between output from the sensor (2) when exposed to the standard gas--typically air--and the theoretical value as stored, the theoretical or reference value is reset if the deviation is within a predetermined limit or, otherwise, an alarm output is provided. The tolerance limits can be set in such a way that a first alarm output is provided in a narrow tolerance, thus indicating drift of the sensor toward eventual malfunction, and permitting utilization of the sensor for long lifetime, while providing advance warning of imminent failure.

Abstract: To permit simultaneous evaluation of the light as a consequence of combustion in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion (IC) engine, and evaluation of the oxygen content of the combustion gas resulting from the combustion, a tubular housing of generally spark-plug shape is closed off at the end facing the combustion chamber by a solid electrolyte body in form of a disk (6), closed tube or thimble (6c) or the like, which is made of transparent zirconium dioxide. The interior of the housing has a light guide (7) extending therein. The solid electrolyte body has electrodes (11, 11'; 11c, 11'c) applied thereto, electrically connected to an electrical evaluation stage (EE) to determine oxygen concentration in the combustion gases, while the light due to combustion is transmitted through the solid electrolyte to the light guide for evaluation in an optical evaluation stage (EO).

Abstract: A method and apparatus is proposed for obtaining a control variable for the closed-loop control of the fuel-air ratio of the operating mixture of internal combustion engines, in which a threshold-current sensor of known structure is used. By means of varying the measurement voltage present at the threshold-current sensor by voltage amounts which correspond to a change in oxygen concentration to be expected in association with a change in operational state, the time behavior of the threshold-current sensor, which is essentially sluggish, is compensated for and it becomes possible to use it for rapidly-functioning closed-loop control systems in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: To permit a layer construction, which is inexpensive and lends itself to mass production manufacture, a solid electrolyte body, in plate-like construction, with electrodes at either thereof is positioned in a housing with a portion thereof extending in the region where it is exposed to gases to be sensed; a porous cover is applied on one of the electrodes, the porous cover having a predetermined diffusion resistance to oxygen molecules. A flat insulating plate of approximately the same dimension as the solid electrolyte plate is positioned flat thereagainst, and a flat layer-like electrical heating element is secured on the flat insulating plate or, in other embodiments, against another insulating covering on the other side of the heating element as well, close to the electrodes and adjacent the plane surfaces of the body.

Abstract: A storage battery containing a recombination catalyst wherein the recombined water vapor is conducted by a conduit into the electrolyte and is condensed therein. The storage battery contains battery plates in the liquid electrolyte. It contains a recombination catalyst and an upper enclosure and means for directing evolved oxygen and hydrogen gases to said recombination catalyst.

Abstract: A closure plug containing a recombination catalyst is adapted to fit into an opening of a battery. It contains means for directing evolved oxygen and hydrogen gases to the recombination catalyst and also contains gas communication means to conduct the recombined water vapor below the surface of the electrolyte where it is condensed. The method is directed to operating a battery wherein gaseous oxygen and hydrogen are recombined to form water vapor in the upper portion of the battery and the recombined water vapor is then conducted through a conduit extending into the electrolyte wherein it is condensed.