Abstract: The invention relates to compositions based on 2,5-diisocyanato-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-2,5-dideoxy-D-manitol (I), 2,5-diisocyanato-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-2,5-dideoxy-D-glucitol (II), and/or 2,5-diisocyanato-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-2,5-dideoxy-L-iditol (III), alone or in any mixtures.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of 2,5-diisocyanato-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-2,5-dideoxy-D-manitol (I), 2,5-diisocyanato-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-2,5-dideoxy-D-glucitol (II), and/or 2,5-diisocyanato-1,4:3,6-dianhydro-2,5-dideoxy-L-iditol (III).

Abstract: The invention relates to melamine-formaldehyde condensates with thermoplastic properties that can be produced from formaldehyde and melamine derivatives, wherein at least one of the melamine derivatives organic radicals R have been used to substitute at least four of the total of six hydrogen atoms of the three melamine amino groups, and wherein the organic radicals R are mutually identical or different. The invention also relates to a process for production of the melamine-formaldehyde condensates, use thereof, and an analytical method for determining the constitution of the melamine-formaldehyde condensates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for production of water-absorbing polymer structures comprising the process steps of providing an untreated, water-absorbing polymer structure (Pu) with a retention of at least about 35 g/g; and bringing this water-absorbing untreated polymer structure (Pu) into contact with a permeability-increasing agent. The invention further relates to the water-absorbing polymer structures obtainable by this process, water-absorbing polymer structures, a composite, a process for production of a composite, a composite obtainable by this process, chemical products comprising water-absorbing polymer structures or a composite as well as the use of water-absorbing polymer structures or of the composite in chemical products.

Abstract: The invention relates to absorptive, crosslinked polymeric compositions that are based on partly neutralized, monoethylenically unsaturated monomer carrying acid groups wherein the absorptive, crosslinked polymeric composition further includes an antioxidant and is color stable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing 2,6-dioxabicyclo-(3.3.0)-octane-4,8-dione (I), comprising the oxidation of dianhydrohexitols (II-IV), or of corresponding hydroxy ketones, with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst composition, the reaction proceeding without the addition of halogen sources.

Abstract: A nozzle valve gate for injecting hot plastics into an injection mold includes a body having a passage for flow of the plastics to an outlet and forming an actuator chamber. A nozzle part is connected to the body and extends longitudinally to a nozzle tip having an injection aperture. The nozzle part has a flow passageway connected to the plastics outlet for conducting the plastics melt to the injection aperture and a machined bore forming a guide passageway. A valve pin is movable in the guide passageway between open and closed positions. A piston is connected to the pin and is slidable in the actuator chamber. An elastomeric wiper seal extends around the valve pin adjacent the machined bore, is wear resistant, and can withstand high temperatures of at least 200° C. A micro gap is formed between the pin and the machined bore.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing aldehydes and ketones from easily accessible primary and secondary alcohols by oxidation with atmospheric oxygen or pure oxygen using a catalyst system which consists of a derivative of a free nitroxyl radical.

Abstract: A nozzle valve gate for injecting hot plastics into an injection mold includes a body having a passage for flow of the plastics to an outlet and forming an actuator chamber. A nozzle part is connected to the body and extends longitudinally to a nozzle tip having an injection aperture. The nozzle part has a flow passageway connected to the plastics outlet for conducting the plastics melt to the injection aperture and a machined bore forming a guide passageway. A valve pin is movable in the guide passageway between open and closed positions. A piston is connected to the pin and is slidable in the actuator chamber. An elastomeric wiper seal extends around the valve pin adjacent the machined bore, is wear resistant, and can withstand high temperatures of at least 200° C. A micro gap is formed between the pin and the machined bore.

Abstract: An injection apparatus for injecting hot plastics material into an injection mold has an actuator section forming an actuator chamber and a nozzle member connected to the actuator section and extending to a nozzle tip having an injection aperture. The nozzle member includes an injection passage system for conducting the hot plastics material to the injection aperture. An elongate valve pin extends through a guide passage in the nozzle member and is movable between open and closed positions. A piston is connected to this pin, is slidably mounted in the actuator chamber and moves the valve pin between the open and closed positions. The piston and actuator section are machined to close tolerances so as to form a micro-gap between the wall of the piston and the wall of the chamber thereby avoiding fluid seals. The actuator is able to operate at temperatures ranging between 200 and 400° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing at least one compound having at least one at least monosubstituted amino group. According to the invention, a starting substance having at least one amino group is reacted with an alcohol in a reaction mixture in the presence of ammonia.

Abstract: The invention relates to absorptive, crosslinked polymeric compositions that are based on partly neutralized, monoethylenically unsaturated monomer carrying acid groups wherein the absorptive, crosslinked polymeric composition further includes an antioxidant and is color stable.

Abstract: A thermoplastic polymer material containing starch is shown and described, which can be obtained by homogenizing a mixture containing 40 to 85 wt.-% starch and/or starch derivative, 15 to 55 wt.-% softener, and 0.01 to 7 wt.-% of a polymer which contains an epoxy group, while supplying thermal and/or mechanical energy and setting the water content of the mixture to less than approximately 12 wt.-%. The polymer material according to the invention is characterized by outstanding mechanical properties.

Abstract: In a method or a device for forming an electric control signal for an injection impulse of a position-controlled fuel injector, particularly of a common-rail or pump-nozzle injection system, he course of the electric control signal can be selected freely in regard to the pulse edges (injection rate changes Q), the holding period (?t) and the injection rate (Q). This offers the advantage that the combustion process can be better optimized with respect to low emissions, low consumption and for meeting tightened legal regulations.

Abstract: The invention relates to absorptive, crosslinked polymeric compositions that are based on partly neutralized, monoethylenically unsaturated monomer carrying acid groups wherein the absorptive, crosslinked polymeric composition further includes an antioxidant and is color stable.

Abstract: A method for injecting a fluid, in particular a fuel, performs the following steps: A nozzle (1) which can be actuated by a piezo element (5) is provided. A current pulse (12a) is supplied to the piezo element (5). The capacity (16) of the piezo element (5) is recorded at the time when the current pulse (12a) is supplied. An actual characteristic curve of the injection is recorded based on the capacity (16). The current pulse (12a) is regulated in order to optimize the injection based on the actual characteristic curve of the injection.

Abstract: A method for the production of a polymer material is shown and described, which is characterized by: (a) producing a mixture containing at least 1 to 75 wt.-% starch and/or starch derivative, 10 to 85 wt.-% polyester, and 0.01 to 7 wt.-% of a polymer containing an epoxy group; (b) homogenizing the mixture while supplying thermal and/or mechanical energy; (c) setting the water content of the mixture, so that the end product has a water content of less than approximately 12 wt.-%, in relation to the total composition of the mixture. The polymer material produced with the method according to the invention is characterized by outstanding mechanical properties.

Abstract: A valve has a piezo actuator, a valve element, a valve body and a valve seat. At a predeterminable point in time, the valve element is controlled by a discharging process of the piezo actuator from a position in which it rests against the valve seat to a predetermined position located at a distance from the valve seat. The discharging process is divided into a first discharging period during which a predetermined first amount of electrical energy is discharged from the piezo actuator, a subsequent holding time period during which the piezo actuator is not controlled, and a subsequent second discharging period during which a predetermined second amount of electrical energy is discharged. The holding time duration and/or the first discharging period are/is adapted according to the course of a value that is not characteristic of the oscillation behavior of the piezo actuator during the holding time period.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water-absorbing composition comprising water-absorbing polymer structures, on the surface of which is at least one tannin fraction which has a number-average molecular weight, determined in accordance with the test method described herein, of at least 1,000 g/mol, which has a weight-average molecular weight, determined in accordance with the test method described herein, of at least 1,000 g/mol, or which is a hydrolysable gallotannin. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a water-absorbing composition, the water-absorbing composition obtainable by this process, a composite, a process for the production of a composite, the composite obtainable by this process, chemical products, such as, for example, hygiene articles, the use of a water-absorbing composition or of a composite and the use of a tannin fraction.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to obtain filter tows or filtering materials for manufacturing filters for smoking products which make it possible to prevent or at least reduce health risks due to the release of the filter components and external contamination of cigarettes by filter components. According to the invention, a filter element is manufactured of starch and/or a mixture of a starch-based polymer and eventually incorporated activated-carbon layers and provided with pores and/or channels. The filter particles eventually adherent to such filtering materials or released during cigarette smoking can be dissolved in a corresponding moisture-containing environment. They do not come into consideration for health-damaging effects.