Abstract: A step-up frequency converter includes a first and a second input for two input signals that are to be mixed, the first input signal having a lower frequency than the second input signal, a first and a second control element each of which is provided with a control connection and two main connections, the flow of current between the main connections being controllable by means of a signal at the control connection, and an output for a mixed signal generated from the two input signals that are to be mixed. The control connections of the two control elements are connected to the second input signal in a counter-clocked mode while the first connections of the two control elements are connected to each other and to the output. A first symmetrizer connects the input for the first input signal to the first main connections of the two control elements.

Abstract: A bondwire transition arrangement for interconnecting a signal port on one IC of a multichip module with a signal port on another, adjacent, IC of the same module employs a distributed signal-transition process in which the signal on one port appears as subsignals at tapping points along a series transmission-line segment arrangement between that port and ground on the same IC and the subsignals are recombined along a second series transmission-line segment arrangement connected between the other port and ground on the other IC. Spatially corresponding tapping points are interconnected via bondwires.

Abstract: A balun, which takes up very little space and which is economical to produce, consist of four interconnected planar lines. One end of a first line is configured as a first symmetrical terminal. The other end of the first line is connected to the adjacent end of the second adjacent line. The end of the second line that is connected to the first line forms an unsymmetrical terminal, while the other end of the second line is connected to ground. The end of the third line, which is adjacent to the second line, is connected to ground, this end being adjacent to the unsymmetrical terminal. The other end of the third line serves as a second symmetrical terminal. The end of the fourth line that is adjacent to the second symmetrical terminal is connected to ground, the other end being connected to the end of the second line that forms the unsymmetrical terminal.

Abstract: A monolithic integrated capacitor is formed by two conductive coatings applied to a substrate and separated from each other by a dielectric layer. The upper coating lying on the dielectric layer is connected via at least one conductive air bridge with at least one of a pair of connection lines of the capacitor. Parasitic inductances of the capacitor are largely compensated by connecting the two connection lines together by at least one high resistance line bridging the capacitor.

Abstract: The double-balanced mixer includes a diode ring (D1, D2, D3, D4) with respective balancing circuit portions for a local oscillator signal (LO) and a high frequency signal (RF) and a capacitively-loaded conductor branch (L3,L4) for an intermediate frequency signal (IF). In order to minimize conversion losses and obtain a high isolation between the local oscillator signal (LO) and the high frequency signal (RF), each balancing circuit portion comprises a first coupler including two strip lines (L11, L12; L31, L32) and a second coupler constructed as an interdigital coupler (L21, L22, L23, L24; L41, L42, L43, L44). The first coupler (L11, L12; L31, L32) of each balancing circuit portion is connected to a respective first symmetric input (1,3) of the diode ring and the second coupler is connected with a respective second symmetric input of the diode ring. Both couplers are connected with each other via one of their gates (14,24; 34,44).

Abstract: The monolithic integrated interdigital coupler includes a plurality of parallel conductors (5, 6, 7, 8, 9) extending side-by-side and a plurality of conducting air bridges (10,11,12, 13) connecting pairs of conductors. One end of each conductor is connected with one end of another non-adjacent or non-neighboring conductor by means of one of the conducting air bridges (10,11,12,13). In order to provide a closer or tighter coupling at least one conducting air bridge (10,11,12,13) is connected to the conductor it bridges by a concentrated capacitance (14,15,16,17).