Abstract: But-2-ene-1,4-diones substituted in the 1,4-positions, of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 17 carbon atoms, are prepared by a process in which a 2,5-disubstituted furan of the formula ##STR2## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the above meaning, is oxidized with a percarboxylic acid in the presence of a carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Cyclohexene derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen or tert.-butyl and N and X are members of a heterocyclic ring in which X is an alkylene chain of four, five or six members, one of which may be a hetero-atom, such as oxygen, and where the alkylene radicals are unsubstituted or substituted by alkyl or by --CH.sub.2 OH or its acetyl or propionyl derivative, and their salts are used in fungicides.

Abstract: Cyclohexanedione derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl, R.sup.2 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or haloalkenyl, X is alkylene, n is 0 or 1, Y is a heterocyclic radical and Z is hydrogen or methoxycarbonyl, and salts of these compounds are used in herbicides.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of D-carbamyl-.alpha.-aminoacids of the formula ##STR1## where R has the meanings given in the description, by enzymatic cleavage of the corresponding hydantoins by means of thermophilic, non-sporulating hydantoin-cleaving micro-organisms or of extracts therefrom.

Abstract: S-Configurated phenylpropane derivatives of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl, aryl or alkoxy, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or alkoxy, and R.sup.3 is carboxyl or esterified carboxyl, acetalized formyl, hydroxymethyl or esterified hydroxymethyl, their preparation by microbiological hydrogenation, and their use for the preparation of fungicidal compounds.

Abstract: 4-Tert.-butoxyphenylglycinonitrile (I) ##STR1## and a process for the preparation of D-(-)-4-hydroxyphenylglycine (IIa) and L-(+)-4-hydroxyphenylglycine (IIb) ##STR2## wherein compound I is reacted in a conventional manner, in alcoholic solution and in the presence of a carbonyl compound, with about the equimolar amount of L-(+)-tartaric acid or D-(-)-tartaric acid and the D-(-)-I-L-(+)-tartrate or L-(+)-I-D-(-)-tartrate thereby obtained in crystalline form is converted to IIa or IIb respectively in aqueous acid solution at 20.degree.-110.degree. C. by splitting off the L-(+)-tartaric acid or D-(-)-tartaric acid, hydrolyzing the nitrile group and hydrolytically splitting off the tert.-butyl group.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of phenylacetonitriles, carrying basic substituents, of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.

Abstract: Racemic malic acid can be fractionally crystallized, as a diastereomeric salt pair, from alcoholic solution or aqueous-alcoholic solution by using an optical antipode of 2-amino-butan-1-ol.

Abstract: Oximinophosphoric acid derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is unbranched or branched alkyl of up to 4 carbon atoms,R.sup.2 is unbranched or branched alkoxy or alkylthio of up to 4 carbon atoms, unbranched or branched alkyl of up to 3 carbon atoms, phenyl, amino or alkylamino or dialkylamino, where each alkyl is unbranched or branched and of up to 4 carbon atoms,R.sup.3 is hydrogen or methyl,X is oxygen or sulfur andn is 1 or 2,and their use in pest control.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 4-tert.-butylbenzaldehyde by electrochemical oxidation of 4-tert.-butyltoluene in the presence of an inorganic acid and of an alkylsulfonic, alkenylsulfonic or arylsulfonic acid.

Abstract: 4-substituted benzaldehyde-dialkylacetals of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is one of the radicals CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 --, ##STR2## R.sup.2 is alkyl and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen or alkyl, and a process for the electrochemical preparation of these compounds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of benzaldehydes of the general ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or alkyl, wherein a compound of the formula ##STR2## where X is hydrogen, hydroxyl or R.sup.2 --COO--, and R.sup.2 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, is oxidized electrochemically in the presence of water, of an alkanoic acid of the formulaR.sup.3 COOH IIIwhere R.sup.3 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and of a conductive salt.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a 2,5-dimethylfuran-3-carboxylic acid ester from an .alpha.-acyloxypropionaldehyde and an acetoacetic acid ester in the presence of anhydrous iron-III chloride.

Abstract: .alpha.-Formylethane-phosphonic acid esters are manufactured by reacting vinylphosphonic acid esters with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of conventional rhodium-containing hydroformylation catalysts. The reaction is carried out at from 50.degree. to 180.degree. C. and at pressures from 20 to 1,500 bars. The products are intermediates for the synthesis of insecticidally active phosphoric acid ester derivatives.

Abstract: Tripinyltrioxanes of the general formula (I): ##STR1## in which the radicals Pin are either dextrorotatory (+) or laevorotatory (-) pinyl radicals; a process for the production of (I) by treatment of an enantiomeric mixture of (+)-3-formylpinane and (-)-3-formylpinane (II) with an acid in an organic solvent and fractional precipitation of the trimeric compound (I); and redissociation of (I) into the pure enantiomers (II) with a catalytic amount of an acid.

Abstract: New polymers with K values of from 20 to 140, in which the side chains contain optically active 1,6,6-trimethylnorpinanyl-2-methyl or 3-pinanyl-methyl groups, so that the polymers are also optically active. The polymers are used for the production of coatings and adhesives, as optical modifiers for films, and for finishing paper and textiles.

Abstract: Polymers in which the side branches contain optically active 2-(4-methyl-cyclohex-3-en-1-yl)-propyl groups, and their preparation. The new polymers are used for the production of moldings, coatings and adhesives, and for finishing paper or textiles. They have K values of from 20 to 140.

Abstract: New polymers which contain 1,6,6-trimethylnorpinanyl-2-methyl or 3-pinanylmethyl groups, i.e. macromolecular compounds in which the side chains contain optically active groups, so that the polymers may also be optically active. The new polymers may be used for the production of moldings, coatings and adhesives and as optical modifiers for films.

Abstract: Substituted phenylpropanals and a process for their manufacture by reaction of the corresponding phenylethenes with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at temperatures of from 50.degree. to 180.degree. C and pressures of from 20 to 1,500 atmospheres gauge, in the presence of rhodium carbonyl complexes. The phenylpropanals according to the invention have pleasant scents. 3-(4-Isopropyl-phenyl)-butanal-1 and 3-(4-tert.-butyl-phenyl)-butanal-1, in particular, have suitable scents for the preparation of flower oil. They are also valuable starting materials for synthesizing drugs, plant protection agents and dyes.

Abstract: Pinanes substituted by a group X in the 3-position which group is formyl, or its alkyl-acetals or alkyl-hemiacetals, carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid chloride, carboxylic acid amide, hydroxymethyl or aminomethyl substituted in a specific manner at the nitrogen, the optical isomers of these compounds and a process for their manufacture by hydroformylation of .alpha.-pinene in the presence of rhodium catalysts, and conversion of the 3-formylpinane first produced into the above derivatives by conventional methods.