Abstract: A bonding tool includes a body portion terminating at a tip portion. The tip portion is formed from a material, wherein a grain structure of the material is exposed for at least a portion of the tip portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of detecting a peroxide-based explosive in a sample suspected of consisting of or comprising such explosive, which method comprises dissolving said sample in a suitable organic solvent, contacting the solution with an aqueous solution of a strong acid capable of decomposing said explosive to release hydrogen peroxide, and contacting the resulting mixture with a peroxidase enzyme. The invention also provides a kit for use in the method of the invention.

Abstract: Hapten and antigen designed for eliciting catalytic antibodies effective in inhibiting the ethylene production pathway in plants by deactivating a precursor thereof either by decomposition or derivatization. Catalytic antibodies effective in inhibiting the ethylene production pathway in plants by deactivating a precursor thereof. Genes encoding for such catalytic antibodies and plants and cells expressing these genes and producing the catalytic antibodies for controlling the ripening of fruits and vegetables, as well as for controlling senescence of plant tissue.