Abstract: A system and method for preventing unauthorized access to a website's sensitive information in which a website web server is located on a public network with a public IP address and known port number, but only performs a listening function. The responding function is located on a separate device on a private network with a private and dynamic IP address and having a randomly assigned port number. The responder has no listening sockets (open ports expecting to receive from client application) and therefore does not listen to the public network, and therefore is not accessible to unauthorized access, much in the way that a private user's PC is not accessible to unauthorized access. The web server having the listening function does not initiate connection with the device having the responding function because its private IP address is unreachable from the public network and unknown, even to the web server, and by virtue of the fact that there are no listening sockets to accept any requests.

Abstract: A system and method for preventing unauthorized access to a website's sensitive information in which a website web server is located on a public network with a public IP address and known port number, but only performs a listening function. The responding function is located on a separate device on a private network with a private and dynamic IP address and having a randomly assigned port number. The responder has no listening sockets (open ports expecting to receive from client application) and therefore does not listen to the public network, and therefore is not accessible to unauthorized access, much in the way that a private user's PC is not accessible to unauthorized access. The web server having the listening function does not initiate connection with the device having the responding function because its private IP address is unreachable from the public network and unknown, even to the web server, and by virtue of the fact that there are no listening sockets to accept any requests.

Abstract: A device for detecting chemical species in liquids having one or more sensor elements is described. Each sensor element includes a test electrode coated with a perfluorinated ion-exchange polymer film incorporating a redox mediator; an immobilized enzyme layer and, over this, a semipermeable membrane. The invention discloses the method whereby the test electrode is normally kept at a zero potential and then poised at a positive potential for a few milliseconds during which time the test signal is evaluated. The invention formulates a method for calibrating each measurement sample and reference solution wells. These are symetrically arranged with respect to the sensor element so that the center of the sample solution well and the center of the reference solution well are equidistant to the sensor element. Thus the diffusion of chemical species from the sample and reference solutions occurs equally and can be correlated.

Abstract: One of the fundamental limitations of voltammetric detectors in flow analysis is the problem of passivation or contamination of the working electrode. The present invention proposes a voltammetric detector based on the wall-jet principle which incorporates the concept of a replaceable working electrode. The voltammetric detector represents a significant improvement over existing detectors which are fully enclosed or sealed devices precluding easy replacement of the working electrode.The design of the present invention provides a detector where the top is fully open and where the solution volume is maintained by the outlet positioning. The other feature of the proposed detector is an optimised geometry that provides well defined wall-jet flow characteristics which is not provided in existing detectors.