Abstract: A solar cell comprising at least one electrode having a plurality of fingers. Specifically, an electrode comprising a planar surface and a plurality of fingers extending therefrom is provided. A second electrode is provided. The second electrode comprises a planar surface and may comprise a plurality of fingers which are interdigitated with the fingers of the first electrode. The second electrode provides a catalyst material for the electron transfer to an oxidant during the photovoltaic process. A semiconductor material is disposed between the electrodes. The semiconductor material is saturated with dye and injected with an electrolyte solution. The fingers are arranged to provide a reduced migration path for the oxidant through the electrolyte and for the electrons through the semiconductor material when exposed to incident light.

Abstract: A dye sensitized solar cell having a structured electrode. Specifically, a structured electrode is formed using a conductive material. The conductive material is hollowed to create a cavity therethrough. The hollowed conductive material forms a structured electrode which is coupled between two planar electrodes. Insulative layers are implemented to provide electrical separation between the structured electrode and each of the planar electrodes. A dye sensitized semiconductor material and an electrolyte solution are present in the cavity of the structured electrode to provide the presently described solar cell having a structured electrode.

Abstract: A solar cell comprising at least one electrode having a plurality of fingers. Specifically, an electrode comprising a planar surface and a plurality of fingers extending therefrom is provided. A second electrode is provided. The second electrode comprises a planar surface and may comprise a plurality of fingers which are interdigitated with the fingers of the first electrode. The second electrode provides a catalyst material for the electron transfer to an oxidant during the photovoltaic process. A semiconductor material is disposed between the electrodes. The semiconductor material is saturated with dye and injected with an electrolyte solution. The fingers are arranged to provide a reduced migration path for the oxidant through the electrolyte and for the electrons through the semiconductor material when exposed to incident light.

Abstract: A dye sensitized solar cell having a structured electrode. Specifically, a structured electrode is formed using a conductive material. The conductive material is hollowed to create a cavity therethrough. The hollowed conductive material forms a structured electrode which is coupled between two planar electrodes. Insulative layers are implemented to provide electrical separation between the structured electrode and each of the planar electrodes. A dye sensitized semiconductor material and an electrolyte solution are present in the cavity of the structured electrode to provide the presently described solar cell having a structured electrode.

Abstract: The invention is a catalytic ion exchange resin bed with low pressure drop, low catalyst breakage and low catalyst deactivation as well as an improved process for the production of bisphenol A employing such a catalytic ion exchange resin bed.

Abstract: The invention is a catalytic ion exchange resin bed with low pressure drop, low catalyst breakage and low catalyst deactivation as well as an improved process for the production of bisphenol A employing such a catalytic ion exchange resin bed.