Abstract: A reflectometer, comprising an illuminator in a 45°/0° configuration with a light source formed by a lamp and an illuminator optic. Light emitted by the lamp is passed after reflection via a measuring opening into a housing and supplied to a measuring system contained therein. Furthermore, the illuminator optic is formed by a number of light guides which start at the light source and end in the form of a rim with a conoidal emission side. The light guides form one or several groups, a group of light guides being made in one piece of plastic.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer, comprising a housing in which a measuring system is arranged, which housing has a measuring opening, via which light is passed to the measuring system. The measuring system comprises a grating monochromator, an autocollimator cooperating therewith, and detection means for the light originating from the grating monochromator. The grating monochromator and the autocollimator thereby form one whole.

Abstract: A color analyser measuring the light intensities of at least three different colors within the spectrum of the incident light, and relating these measurements to values programmmed before. Those color components of the incident light that have to be influenced in order to conform to the preprogrammed relations are indicated by means of a color star, consisting of three rows of light sources (23, 24, 25) of appropriate colors. While influencing the color of the light with correction filters the operator views the change simultaneously at the color star. It is indicated in such a way that the light sources of the color star are extinguished as soon as the preprogrammed relations between the colors are satisfied, notwithstanding the absolute value of light intensity. An automatic exposure time meter is built in, also controlling an electronic timer (32).

Abstract: An electro-acoustic transducer in which a diaphragm has a stiffened portion which at the one hand is pivotally connected to a fixed frame portion, and at a location offset from the center of the diaphragm is connected to a U-form armature of an electromagnetic unit at the other, whereby the average amplitude of the movement of said diaphragm caused by a movement of the free end of said armature is greater than the amplitude of the latter movement.

Abstract: A transducer and method of making same, according to which an electro-mechanical motor is mounted in a housing. A partition divides the housing into a first and second chamber. The partition is provided with a passage through which a linkage pin extends connecting the motor comprising an armature arranged in the first chamber with a vibration diaphragm mounted in the second chamber. The diaphragm divides off the second chamber, a further chamber contiguous to the partition.