Abstract: A sustainable pavement is constructed by creating a construction structure for a hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement according to a pavement project; calculating a greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of the HMA pavement; performing a sustainable construction on the HMA pavement to modify one or more layers in the HMA pavement to form a sustainably constructed pavement; calculating a GHG emission of the sustainably constructed pavement; and obtaining a carbon reduction by comparing the GHG emissions of the HMA pavement and the sustainably constructed pavement.

Abstract: A sustainably constructed pavement and methods and apparatus for constructing the same are provided. A sustainable pavement may be constructed by creating a construction structure for a hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement according to a pavement project; calculating a greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of the HMA pavement; performing a sustainable construction on the HMA pavement to modify one or more layers in the HMA pavement to form a sustainably constructed pavement; calculating a GHG emission of the sustainably constructed pavement; and obtaining a carbon reduction by comparing the GHG emissions of the HMA pavement and the sustainably constructed pavement.

Abstract: The sodium and/or ammonium salts of a mixture of n-alkyl oxyethylated sulfuric acids in aqueous solution, wherein all the compounds have the same molecular formula CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.x CH.sub.2 (OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.y OSO.sub.3 .sup.- M.sup.+ being either the sodium or ammonium cation, x being an integer from about 6 to 12, and y being an integer from about 1 to 3.5, a major portion of the mixture comprising compounds where x equals 6-8 and a minor portion of the mixture comprising compounds where x equals 10-12; these mixtures being capable of generating foam of relatively large volume and high stability.

Abstract: The sodium and/or ammonium salts of a mixture of n-alkyl oxyethylated sulfuric acids in aqueous solution, wherein all the compounds have the same molecular formula CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.x CH.sub.2 (OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.y OSO.sub.3.sup.- M.sup.+, M.sup.+ being either the sodium or ammonium cation, x being an integer from about 6 to 12, and y being an integer from about 1 to 3.5, a major portion of the mixture comprising compounds where x equals 6-8 and a minor portion of the mixture comprising compounds where x equals 10-12; these mixtures being capable of generating foam of relatively large volume and high stability.

Abstract: The sodium and/or ammonium salts of a mixture of n-alkyl oxyethylated sulfuric acids in aqueous solution, wherein all the compounds have the same molecular formula CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.x (OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.y OSO.sub.3.sup.- M.sup.+, M.sup.+ being either the sodium or ammonium cation, x being an integer from about 6 to 12, and y being an integer from about 1 to 3.5, a major portion of the mixture comprising compounds where x equals 6-8 and a minor portion of the mixture comprising compounds where x equals 10-12; these mixtures being capable of generating foam of relatively large volume and high stability.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium salts in which either one or two of the substituents bonded to the quaternary nitrogen is a decyl radical comprising a mixture of primary 10-carbon atom branched chains.

Abstract: Decyl dimethylquaternary ammonium salts utilizable as disinfectants in the presence of hard water or organic soil, the term "decyl" referring to a mixture of branched primary branched chain alkyl groups having 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A method of conditioning hair by applying thereto a quaternary ammonium polymers having formula ##STR1## wherein R' and R" may be the same or different alkyl groups of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by from 1 to 2 hydroxyl groups or, when taken together, with N form a saturated or unsaturated ring of from 5 to 7 atoms, or when taken together with N and an oxygen atom form the N-morpholino group; wherein Z is --CH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2 -- when Z' is --CH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 -- or Z is --CH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 -- when Z' is --CH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2 --; wherein X is a halogen of atomic weight greater than 30; wherein Y and Y' may be either the same or different and may be either X or --NR'R"; and wherein n is an integer of from 2 to 20.

Abstract: Foaming agents for use in oil and gas production comprising n-octyl dimethylamine oxide, n-decyl dimethylamine oxide, branched decyl dimethylamine oxide, and mixtures thereof, all of which generate copious quantities of stable foam even in the presence of brine and hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A skin care additive for cosmetic compositions comprising uncapped linear polyquaternary ammonium compounds, the term "uncapped" being used to define those molecules whose termini are capable of further chain propogation.

Abstract: A method of water treatment to cause flocculation of immiscible material in aqueous suspension, which comprises applying to the water a quaternary ammonium polymer having the formula ##STR1## wherein R' and R" may be the same or different alkyl groups of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by from 1 to 2 hydroxyl groups or, when taken together, with N form a saturated or unsaturated ring of from 5 to 7 atoms, or when taken together with N and an oxygen atom form the N-morpholino group; wherein Z is --CH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2 -- when Z' is --CH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 -- or Z is --CH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 -- when Z' is --CH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2 --; wherein X is a halogen of atomic weight greater than 30; wherein Y and Y' may be either the same or different and may be either X or --NR'R" and wherein n is an integer of from 2 to 20.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium polymers having formula ##STR1## wherein R' and R" may be the same or different alkyl groups of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by from 1 to 2 hydroxyl groups or, when taken together, with N form a saturated or unsaturated ring of from 5 to 7 atoms, or when taken together with N and an oxygen atom form the N-morpholino group; wherein Z is --CH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2 -- when Z' is --CH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 -- or Z is --CH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 -- when Z' is --CH.sub.2 CH.dbd.CHCH.sub.2 --; wherein X is a halogen of atomic weight greater than 30; wherein Y and Y' may be either the same or different and may be either X or -NR'R"; and wherein n is an integer of from 2 to 20.

Abstract: The use for anti-microbial, cosmetic and water-treatment of compounds of formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.I and R.sup.II and (I) the same or different monovalent, branched or unbranched, alkyl groups of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by from 1 to 2 hydroxyl groups; or (II) form a 5, 6 or 7 membered ring when taken together with N, or (III) form the N-morpholino group when taken together with N and an oxygen atom; wherein R.sup.III, R.sup.IV and R.sup.V are (I) the same or different, branched or unbranched, alkyl groups of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by 1 or 2 hydroxyl groups, or (II) R.sup.III is a branched or unbranched alkyl group of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms optionally substituted by 1 or 2 hydroxyl groups and R.sup.IV and R.sup.V form a 5, 6 or 7 membered ring when taken together with N; or (III) R.sup.III is a branched or unbranched alkyl group of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms optionally substituted by 1 or 2 hydroxyl groups and R.sup.IV and R.sup.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing compounds of formula: ##STR1## in which R' and R" (I) are the same or different monovalent branched or unbranched alkyl groups of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by from 1 to 2 hydroxyl groups, the sum of the carbon atoms in R' and R" being at least three; or (II) form a 5, 6, or seven membered ring when taken together with N; or (III) form the N-Morpholino group when taken together with N and Oxygen, wherein Z represents either X or --N R'R", wherein X is a halogen of atomic weight above 30, and wherein n represents an integer of from 2 to 20.

Abstract: A method of producing floc in an aqueous system by the addition to said system of a capped or terminated quaternary ammonium compound or mixture of such compounds.

Abstract: The products of the reaction between one mol of ##STR1## and one mol of ##STR2## are self-preserving, non-irritating, amphoteric surfactants; R representing an alkyl group of from 8 to 14 carbon atoms and M'" and M.sup.iv representing the same or different moieties selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkali metals, ammonium and ammonium substituted by from 1 to 3 lower alkyl groups, such alkyl groups each being optionally substituted by one hydroxyl group.

Abstract: A method of conditioning the hair which comprises applying to the hair a conditioningly effective amount of a compound or mixture of compounds having the formula: ##STR1## in which Z is either X or --N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ; X is a halogen having an atomic weight greater than 34; and n is an integer of from 2 to 20.

Abstract: A method of effecting flocculation in aqueous systems which comprises applying to said systems an effective amount of a compound or mixture of compounds having the formula:Z--CH.sub.2 --CHOH--CH.sub.2 --N.sym.--(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ].sub.n --CH.sub.2 --CHOH--CH.sub.2 --Zin which Z is either X or --N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 ; is a halogen having an atomic weight greater than 34; and n is an integer of from 2 to 20.

Abstract: A hair conditioning agent comprising the condensation product of 1,4-dichloro-2-butene and 1,4-bis-dimethylamino-2-butene.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting microorganisms by the application of a compound formed by the condensation of dimethylamine and epichlorohydrin in about equimolar proportions.A high molecular weight condensation product, utilizable as a non-foaming anti-microbial and preservative agent, which is prepared by reacting equimolar proportions of dimethylamine and epichlorohydrin at a relatively low temperature and then maintaining the mixture for a predetermined period of time at a relatively high temperature.