Abstract: A communication system using vector and scalar potential is disclosed. The system uses field-free potentials signaling for many applications where the absence of shielding effects in sea water, plasma or other dense media due to the fact that the absence of (E,B) fields eliminates the possibility of induced charge and current response in the media being transited.

Abstract: A communication system using vector and scalar potential is disclosed. The system uses field-free potentials signaling for many applications where the absence of shielding effects in sea water, plasma or other dense media due to the fact that the absence of (E,B) fields eliminates the possibility of induced charge and current response in the media being transited.

Abstract: A communication system using vector and scalar potential is disclosed. The system uses field-free potentials signaling for many applications where the absence of shielding effects in sea water, plasma or other dense media due to the fact that the absence of (E,B) fields eliminates the possibility of induced charge and current response in the media being transited.

Abstract: A communication system using vector and scalar potential is disclosed. The system uses field-free potentials signaling for many applications where the absence of shielding effects in sea water, plasma or other dense media due to the fact that the absence of (E,B) fields eliminates the possibility of induced charge and current response in the media being transited.

Abstract: Information that changes as a function of time is communicated from a transmitting site to a receiving site by transmitting a signal comprising scalar and vector potentials without including ay electromagnetic field. The potentials vary as a function of time in accordance with the information.

Abstract: Discrete, contained charged particle bundles are converted into heat energy for driving a load. In one embodiment the bundles propagate between a cathode and anode in a gap between a pair of solid dielectric members, which gap has a dimension between a pair of facing surfaces of the dielectric members equal approximately to the diameter of a group of such bundles propagating together. The bundles are derived in response to high voltage short duration pulses derived from a modified Blumlein switch. The bundles are periodically derived and converted to current that flows in a circuit having a resonant frequency equal to the frequency of the bundles. In another embodiment the bundles are derived from a cathode including a liquid metal pool in contact with a solid dielectric surface along which the bundles propagate to an x-ray emitting target or an anode that is heated by the bundles, to convert the x-rays into useful emission and/or the heat into useful work.