Abstract: A method of forming a membrane panel configured to be secured within an energy exchange assembly may include forming an outer frame defining a central opening, and integrating a membrane sheet with the outer frame. The membrane sheet spans across the central opening, and is configured to transfer one or both of sensible energy or latent energy therethrough. The integrating operation may include injection-molding the outer frame to edge portions of the membrane sheet. Alternatively, the integrating operation may include laser-bonding, ultrasonically bonding, heat-sealing, or the like, the membrane sheet to the outer frame.

Abstract: A method of forming a membrane panel configured to be secured within an energy exchange assembly may include forming an outer frame defining a central opening, and integrating a membrane sheet with the outer frame. The membrane sheet spans across the central opening, and is configured to transfer one or both of sensible energy or latent energy therethrough. The integrating operation may include injection-molding the outer frame to edge portions of the membrane sheet. Alternatively, the integrating operation may include laser-bonding, ultrasonically bonding, heat-sealing, or the like, the membrane sheet to the outer frame.

Abstract: An air delivery system is configured to deliver air to an enclosed structure and may include at least one air channel configured to deliver air to or receive air from the enclosed structure, at least one component disposed within the at least one air channel, and at least one flame-blocking filter removably and adjustably secured within the at least one air channel. The at least one flame-blocking filter is configured to isolate the at least one component from a source of excessive temperature or flames. The at least one flame-blocking filter is configured to allow air to pass therethrough under normal operating conditions, and to block air and flames from passing therethrough when exposed to the excessive temperature or the flames.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to detecting and powering external circuits via a common port. As may be implemented in accordance with one or more embodiments, an accessory detection circuit detects a type of an external circuit based upon a pull-down resistance at an interface port (e.g., where each accessory type provides a discernable pull-down resistance). Power switching circuitry couples power between the interface port and an internal power-based circuit, and operates in an open condition when the accessory detection circuit is active. An adaptive biasing circuit sets a voltage across the power switching circuitry to about zero, based on a voltage level provided on the interface port, thereby mitigating changes in the pull-down resistance due to current leakage. Once the type of external circuit is identified, the power switching circuitry couples power between the external circuit and the internal circuit.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to detecting and powering external circuits via a common port. As may be implemented in accordance with one or more embodiments, an accessory detection circuit detects a type of an external circuit based upon a pull-down resistance at an interface port (e.g., where each accessory type provides a discernable pull-down resistance). Power switching circuitry couples power between the interface port and an internal power-based circuit, and operates in an open condition when the accessory detection circuit is active. An adaptive biasing circuit sets a voltage across the power switching circuitry to about zero, based on a voltage level provided on the interface port, thereby mitigating changes in the pull-down resistance due to current leakage. Once the type of external circuit is identified, the power switching circuity couples power between the external circuit and the internal circuit.

Abstract: An air delivery system is configured to deliver air to an enclosed structure and may include at least one air channel configured to deliver air to or receive air from the enclosed structure, at least one component disposed within the at least one air channel, and at least one flame-blocking filter removably and adjustably secured within the at least one air channel. The at least one flame-blocking filter is configured to isolate the at least one component from a source of excessive temperature or flames. The at least one flame-blocking filter is configured to allow air to pass therethrough under normal operating conditions, and to block air and flames from passing therethrough when exposed to the excessive temperature or the flames.