Abstract: A cardiac defibrillator comprises electrical wires or terminals (24) connected with or configured to connect with defibrillation electrode pads (22), and an electrical circuit (32, 32a, 32b) including an electrical storage element (52) and a piezoelectric transformer (50) arranged to charge the electrical storage element to a voltage effective for delivering a cardiac defibrillation shock. The electrical circuit is configured to discharge the electrical storage element across the electrical wires or terminals to deliver a cardiac defibrillation shock to the electrical wires or terminals.

Abstract: A subject monitor includes a belt (16) that circumscribes a cyclically moving portion of a subject (14), such as a chest cavity or abdomen. A optical sensing device (18) includes a housing; a tape (50) under tension to retract into the housing, at least one of the tape (50) and the housing are connected with the belt (16); a lens (56) configured to focus light on a pattern (52) that moves with the tape (50); and a photon detector (58) configured to detect light (57) reflected from the pattern (52). An optical decoder (26) determines movement of the belt (16) from the light reflected (57) from the pattern (52).

Abstract: A cardiac defibrillator comprises electrical wires or terminals (24) connected with or configured to connect with defibrillation electrode pads (22), and an electrical circuit (32, 32a, 32b) including an electrical storage element (52) and a piezo-electric transformer (50) arranged to charge the electrical storage element to a voltage effective for delivering a cardiac defibrillation shock. The electrical circuit is configured to discharge the electrical storage element across the electrical wires or terminals to deliver a cardiac defibrillation shock to the electrical wires or terminals.