Abstract: The rheological apparatus contains a first mating surface and a second mating surface. A housing moveably orients the first mating surface to the second mating surface. A biasing member contained within the housing is connected to the first mating surface. The biasing member biases the first mating surface to move away from the second mating surface. A handle is connected to the second mating surface. The handle allows manual manipulation of the second mating surface. An extensional measurement device integral with the housing is positioned to measure a distance between the first mating surface and the second mating surface.

Abstract: A sample surface component for an instrument the measures viscosity and viscoelasticity. The instrument has a cam, a follower arm, a flat spring, a plate fixture, and a removable plate assembly. The cam is a rotating circular disk with a spiral slot. A cam follower on the follower arm resides in the spiral slot so that the follower arm pivots about its fixed end as the cam rotates. The spring is attached to and collinear with the fixed end of the follower arm so that the spring pivots in the opposite direction as the follower arm. The sample surface component include a removable plate assembly with a lower plate and an upper plate with mating sample surfaces on which test fluid is placed. The lower plate fits into a lower jaw of the plate fixture that is attached to the instrument base. The upper plate fits into an upper jaw of the plate fixture attached to the free end of the spring. A fluid is placed on the lower sample surface.

Abstract: A syringe for high-viscosity fluids that includes a tubular barrel with an opening at one end, a tip at the other end, and a wall therebetween, and a reciprocating plunger with head at one end. The barrel wall includes an aperture that permits filling the syringe with a high-viscosity fluid. To facilitate smooth passage of the plunger head past the aperture and to reduce the chance of user injury, the aperture edges and corners are rounded. The tip has an orifice that is shaped to minimize adherence of the fluid with inner and outer parallel surfaces and an outer surface that curves shallowly all around to the edge.

Abstract: An instrument for measuring saliva viscoelasticity to determine a woman's fertile period comprised of a sheath, a cap, and an escapement. The includes a barrel with a pair of elongated slots, a piston within the barrel with protrusion that extend into and beyond the slots, and a sleeve over the barrel with a pair of spiral groove into which the protrusions fit. As the sleeve rotates about the barrel, the grooves spiral up or down, causing the piston to move axially within the barrel. A central cavity within the barrel includes a constricted throat near the top end. The escapement is a U-shaped strip of plastic that fits into the cavity and attaches at its cross portion to the piston. The ends of the escapement arms have mating surfaces that are roughened so that the saliva sample will fracture before it separates from the surfaces. As the escapement is pulled into the cavity, the throat operates to press the mating surfaces together.

Abstract: An instrument for measuring saliva viscoelasticity to determine a woman's fertile period comprised of a sheath, a cap, and an escapement. The instrument includes a barrel with a pair of elongated slots, a piston within the barrel with protrusion that extend into and beyond the slots, and a sleeve over the barrel with a pair of spiral groove into which the protrusions fit. As the sleeve rotates about the barrel, the grooves spiral up or down, causing the piston to move axially within the barrel. A central cavity within the barrel includes a constricted throat near the top end. The escapement is a U-shaped strip of plastic that fits into the cavity and attaches at its cross portion to the piston. The ends of the escapement arms have mating surfaces that are roughened so that the saliva sample will fracture before it separates from the surfaces. As the escapement is pulled into the cavity, the throat operates to press the mating surfaces together.

Abstract: A pair of components for an instrument for determining the female fertile period by measuring the viscoelasticity of saliva that includes a pair of strata composed of a rigid material, preferably glass or a polymer, and a surface on each strata, where the surface has a random distribution of peaks and valleys, the average depth from the peaks to the valleys is in the range of from about 10 picometers to about 100 micrometers, and the total area of the valley walls below one half of the average depth is from 35% to 65% of the total area of the surface. Preferably, the average depth of the valleys is in the range of 50 micrometers to 80 micrometers and the total area of the valleys below one half of the average depth is between 45% and 55% of the total area of the surface.

Abstract: A device for determining the timing of female ovulation by measuring the viscoelasticity of saliva, the device comprising: (a) an elongated sheath with a length along an axis and an opening at one end; (b) a reciprocable escapement with a pair of elongated arms, at least one of the arms being approximately parallel to the axis, the arms having inner extremities within the sheath remote from the opening and outer extremities in the vicinity of the opening; (c) the outer extremities having mating surfaces; (d) the escapement including a spring bias urging the separation of the mating surfaces from each other; (e) the arms being mounted for relative movement of the mating surfaces among first relational positions at which the mating surfaces are separated, second relational positions at which the mating surfaces are in contact, and third relational positions at which the mating surfaces are free to separate under the spring bias; (f) a control operatively connected to the escapement for placing the mating surfac

Abstract: Viscoelastic measurements of sublingual saliva thinning minimums are employed reliably to determine the approach of ovulation in females and other related hormonal and rheological functions.