Abstract: A seawater battery comprises a plurality of bipolar electrodes. Each bipolar electrode includes an anode and a cathode attached to the alternate sides of a barrier. The barrier is a sheet of thin flexible plastic material. The edges of the barrier extend beyond the edges of the anode and cathode. Opposing edges of the barrier are folded against the opposing edges of the anode so as to form flanges. A suitable number of the bipolar electrodes, along with suitable endwalls and end electrodes, are assembled so that the flanges of any particular bipolar electrode overlap the flanges of an adjacent barrier. An adhesive tape is wrapped around the assembly sealing the several edges of the barriers, including the flanges, and holding the bipolar electrodes in place. Alternately, a hot melt may be used to seal some or all of the battery edges. Because the barriers are very thin, the battery is compact and economical of space. Further, it is economical to construct.

Abstract: A Multicell seawater battery is provided with a top venting means. The venting means comprises a series of passages each located above and communicating with a particular cell. The several passages are connected by ports alternately at one end and at the other end of the cells to form a zig-zag conduit at the top of the battery. A similar passage may be located at the bottom of the battery. The improved porting reduces electrical losses to ground and also reduces the background noise of the battery.

Abstract: A primary seawater battery employs a metallic sheet anode and a sheet cathode. The cathode is lead chloride including an addition of about 1 to about 10 parts by weight of lead oxide per 100 parts by weight of lead chloride. The lead oxide may be litharge, litharge containing lead, red lead or lead peroxide. Other ingredients which may be present in the cathode are carbon black for conductivity and an organic binder such as polyfluoroethylene. The battery is characterized by having a shortened rise time compared to batteries without the lead oxide additive, especially when the battery is used at low temperatures.