Abstract: A turning mirror in an optical waveguide structure is made by etching in the upper surface of the structure a cavity (18) that intercepts the path of light propagated by the waveguide (15, 16, 13). Preferably, the cavity is made to be asymmetric with the side (25) of the cavity remote from the waveguide sloping at typically a forty-five degree angle. The asymmetry can be introduced by using mask and etch techniques and treating the surface of the structure such that the etchant undercuts the mask on the side of the cavity remote from the waveguide to a greater extent than it undercuts the mask on the side of the cavity adjacent the waveguide.

Abstract: A turning mirror in an optical waveguide structure is made by etching in the upper surface of the structure a cavity (18) that intercepts the path of light propagated by the waveguide (15, 16, 13). Preferably, the cavity is made to be asymmetric with the side (25) of the cavity remote from the waveguide sloping at typically a forty-five degree angle. The asymmetry can be introduced by using mask and etch techniques and treating the surface of the structure such that the etchant undercuts the mask on the side of the cavity remote from the waveguide to a greater extent than it undercuts the mask on the side of the cavity adjacent the waveguide.

Abstract: Efficient coupling between an optoelectronic device (13) and an optical fiber (15) is obtained by using different monocrystalline elements of different crystallographic orientation for mounting, respectively, the fiber and the optoelectronic device. For example, the crystallographic orientation of an upper monocrystalline element (17) is chosen such that a horizontal groove (20) for supporting the optical fiber and a reflecting surface (19) for directing light into the fiber may both be made by anisotropic etching. The crystallographic orientation of a lower monocrystalline silicon element is chosen such that appropriate etching will yield a mounting surface (23) for the optoelectronic device (13) which is suitable for directing light from the reflecting surface (19) into the optical fiber (15) with maximum efficiency. In one illustrative embodiment, the upper monocrystalline element (17) is {100} silicon, and the lower monocrystalline element (18) is {112} silicon.

Abstract: Efficient coupling between an optoelectronic device (13) and an optical fiber (15) is obtained by using different monocrystalline elements of different crystallographic orientation for mounting, respectively, the fiber and the optoelectronic device. For example, the crystallographic orientation of an upper monocrystalline element (17) is chosen such that a horizontal groove (20) for supporting the optical fiber and a reflecting surface (19) for directing light into the fiber may both be made by anisotropic etching. The crystallographic orientation of a lower monocrystalline silicon element is chosen such that appropriate etching will yield a mounting surface (23) for the optoelectronic device (13) which is suitable for directing light from the reflecting surface (19) into the optical fiber (15) with maximum efficiency.In one illustrative embodiment, the upper monocrystalline element (17) is {100} silicon, and the lower monocrystalline element (18) is {112} silicon.

Abstract: Control over the diameter variations in a glass rod (10) during the stretching thereof is accomplished by cooling the rod after heating and initial neck down of a portion (22) thereof. After cooling, the rod (10) is reheated, at a lower temperature sufficient to reflow the glass in the necked-down portion (22) thereof, and is then stretched to the desired final diameter. Heating the rod (10) at a lower temperature during stretching increases the viscosity thereof which reduces its response to the stretching conditions, thereby affording better control over diameter fluctuations.

Abstract: Control over the diameter variations in a glass rod (10) during the stretching thereof is accomplished by cooling the rod after heating and initial neck down of a portion (22) thereof. After cooling, the rod (10) is reheated, at a lower temperature sufficient to reflow the glass in the necked-down portion (22) thereof, and is then stretched to the desired final diameter. Heating the rod (10) at a lower temperature during stretching increases the viscosity thereof which reduces its response to the stretching conditions, thereby affording better control over diameter fluctuations.