Abstract: An apparatus and a method for electromagnetically actuating engine valves to obtain soft seating. The magnitude and duration of current pulses applied to the armature attracting coils are determined based upon a total mechanical energy and a total energy loss of the armature obtained from the armature position.

Abstract: A method and system for braking a hybrid electric vehicle having an internal combustion engine and a traction motor coupled to a common output shaft, with the vehicle also having an energy storage battery. The method includes monitoring of the vehicle to determine if the vehicle's driver is operating the vehicle in a braking mode and if so, controlling the engine and traction motor so as to provide dynamic braking such that when the traction motor is operated regeneratively, the brake torque produce by the engine is reduced from a maximum contemporaneous brake torque value.

Abstract: A method and system for braking a hybrid electric vehicle having an internal combustion engine and a traction motor coupled to a common output shaft, with the vehicle also having an energy storage battery. The method includes monitoring of the vehicle to determine if the vehicle's driver is operating the vehicle in a braking mode and if so, controlling the engine and traction motor so as to provide dynamic braking such that when the traction motor is operated regeneratively, the brake torque produce by the engine is reduced from a maximum contemporaneous brake torque value.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus 10 for reducing the amount of vehicular emissions during and shortly after a vehicle 12 has been started. The assembly includes at least one heater 80, 82 which is coupled to a catalytic converter assembly 22 and which heats the catalytic assembly 22 during and/or for a period occurring shortly after the vehicle 12 has been started. The assembly 10 also includes a load, such as motor/generator 16, which is selectively applied to the internal combustion engine of the vehicle 12 during and/or for a period occurring shortly after the vehicle 12 has been started in order to increase the temperature and the amount of exhaust gasses which are communicated to the catalytic converter assembly 22 from the internal combustion engine 14.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for electromagnetically actuating engine valves to obtain soft seating. The magnitude and duration of current pulses applied to the armature attracting coils are determined based upon a total mechanical energy and a total energy loss of the armature obtained from the armature position.

Abstract: A fuel injection system used in the intake air passageway of an internal combustion engine has a strategy for reducing cold start hydrocarbon emissions. The fuel injector has an actuator which allows the fuel spray pattern to be varied from one which is widely dispersed and atomized to one which is only weakly dispersed. A strategy for varying the spray pattern during the engine warm-up period after cold start is disclosed. The strategy increases evaporation within the passageway so that cold start overfuelling and attendant hydrocarbon emissions are reduced.