Abstract: The specification and drawings present a new method, apparatus and software product for a dark frame subtraction using multiple dark frames by storing only one frame at a time, i.e., using only one frame storage so that the amount of memory can be minimized. Divisional and multiplication algorithms can be used for the dark frame subtraction.

Abstract: An improved test target pattern that can be used in the testing of image quality for digital images taken with a camera module, the camera module either being a stand-alone product or being incorporated into a device such as a mobile telephone. With the present invention, several different image quality aspects can be monitored and measured using a single test pattern. Previously, multiple test patterns would have had to have been used for such a task.

Abstract: A method for use in characterizing a digital imaging system (53) having an array of imaging elements (35), and in particular for measuring the modulation transfer function (sometimes called the spatial frequency response) even in directions (33) at large angles to both horizontal rows and vertical columns of the array of imaging elements (35), wherein at large angles compared to either horizontal rows or vertical columns of the array of imaging elements (35)—and even at angles other than for directions lying along a diagonal to the array of imaging elements—only non-interpolated readings of the imaging elements (35) are used in determining a supersampled characterization of the digital imaging system (53).

Abstract: A method (90) for simulating a system having a mechanical subsystem and a hydraulic subsystem is presented. The method comprises the steps of: describing (92) the mechanical subsystem and the effect of the hydraulic subsystem thereupon by integrating a first differential equation system of an n-dimensional first variable using a first numerical method, resulting in a sequence of values for the first variable; and describing (94) the hydraulic subsystem and the effect of the mechanical subsystem thereupon by integrating a second differential equation system of an m-dimensional second variable using a second numerical method, resulting in a sequence of values for the second variable. A corresponding arrangement having a first integrator (1) and a second integrator (4) is also presented.