Abstract: A learning protocol for distributed antenna state selection in directional cognitive small-cell networks is described. Antenna state selection is formulated as a nonstationary multi-armed bandit problem and an effective solution is provided based on the adaptive pursuit method from reinforcement learning. A cognitive small cell testbed, called WARP-TDMAC, provides a useful software-defined radio package to explore the usefulness of compact, electronically reconfigurable antennas in dense small-cell configurations. A practical implementation of the adaptive pursuit method provides a robust distributed antenna state selection protocol for cognitive small-cell networks. Test results confirm that directionality provides significant advantages over omnidirectional transmission which suffers high throughput reduction and complete link outages at above-average jamming or cross-link interference power.

Abstract: A learning protocol for distributed antenna state selection in directional cognitive small-cell networks is described. Antenna state selection is formulated as a nonstationary multi-armed bandit problem and an effective solution is provided based on the adaptive pursuit method from reinforcement learning. A cognitive small cell testbed, called WARP-TDMAC, provides a useful software-defined radio package to explore the usefulness of compact, electronically reconfigurable antennas in dense small-cell configurations. A practical implementation of the adaptive pursuit method provides a robust distributed antenna state selection protocol for cognitive small-cell networks. Test results confirm that directionality provides significant advantages over omnidirectional transmission which suffers high throughput reduction and complete link outages at above-average jamming or cross-link interference power.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for estimating power in a CDMA telecommunications system, in which method a sample set is formed from the received signals. The proposed method reiterates the following steps, until a predetermined ending condition is fulfilled: forming an absolute value set from the absolute values of sample set elements, setting a threshold value; calculating a reference value by multiplying the mean of the absolute value set by the threshold value; comparing the element of the absolute value set with the reference value and forming a second sample set by deleting elements exceeding the reference value from the sample set; the ending condition being fulfilled, estimating the power on the basis of the remaining sample set.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing a signal, in which method a sample set is formed and a set of absolute values is formed. The method includes A) arranging the elements of the absolute value set in the ascending order; B) setting a threshold value; C) determining the number of elements of a reference set to be formed; D) forming a reference set; E) computing a reference value by multiplying the mean or median of the reference set by the threshold value; F) comparing the greatest element of the reference set with the reference value; G) increasing the number of reference set elements; H) reiterating the preceding steps D to G until the predetermined ending condition is fulfilled; I) forming an accepted absolute value set and a sample set by deleting the greatest element from the reference set.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for estimating power in a CDMA telecommunications system, in which method a sample set is formed from the received signals. The proposed method reiterates the following steps, until a predetermined ending condition is fulfilled: forming an absolute value set from the absolute values of sample set elements, setting a threshold value; calculating a reference value by multiplying the mean of the absolute value set by the threshold value; comparing the element of the absolute value set with the reference value and forming a second sample set by deleting elements exceeding the reference value from the sample set; the ending condition being fulfilled, estimating the power on the basis of the remaining sample set.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for estimating power in a CDMA telecommunications system, in which method a sample set is formed (300) from the received signals. The proposed method reiterates (302 to 312) the following steps, until a predetermined ending condition is fulfilled: forming (302) an absolute value set from the absolute values of sample set elements, setting (304) a threshold value; calculating (306) a reference value by multiplying the mean of the absolute value set by the threshold value; comparing (308) the element of the absolute value set with the reference value and forming (312) a second sample set by deleting elements exceeding the reference value from the sample set; the ending condition being fulfilled, estimating (314) the power on the basis of the remaining sample set.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for processing a signal, in which method a sample set is formed (300) and a set of absolute values is formed (302). The method comprises A) arranging (304) the elements of the absolute value set in the ascending order; B) setting (306) a threshold value; C) determining (308) the number of elements of a reference set to be formed; D) forming (309) a reference set; E) computing (310) a reference value by multiplying the mean or median of the reference set by the threshold value; F) comparing (312) the greatest element of the reference set with the reference value; G) increasing (316) the number of reference set elements; H) reiterating the preceding steps D to G until the predetermined ending condition is fulfilled; I) forming (318) an accepted absolute value set and a sample set by deleting the greatest element from the reference set.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for estimating power in a CDMA telecommunications system, in which method a sample set is formed (300) from the received signals. The proposed method reiterates (302 to 312) the following steps, until a predetermined ending condition is fulfilled: forming (302) an absolute value set from the absolute values of sample set elements, setting (304) a threshold value; calculating (306) a reference value by multiplying the mean of the absolute value set by the threshold value; comparing (308) the element of the absolute value set with the reference value and forming (312) a second sample set by deleting elements exceeding the reference value from the sample set; the ending condition being fulfilled, estimating (314) the power on the basis of the remaining sample set.