Abstract: An electrode system for neurological monitoring is disclosed, including a housing with a recess dimensioned to hold an electrode. A conductive gel is applied to said electrode to limit direct contact by said electrode to a patient's skin. The recess defines a wall in said housing that engages the patient's skin. A thin bead of adhesive applied to the top surface of the wall secures the housing, and therefore the electrode, to the patient. Finer electrical conductor wires in a more flexible insulator lead from the electrode to a connector that fits into a neurological monitoring amplifier. The electrode system further comprising a template structure for precisely locating and adjusting to a patient's dimensions.

Abstract: An electrode system includes an electrode, a connector, and a cable with an in- line radio-frequency filter module comprising resistors and inductors without any deliberately added capacitance. The resistors are arranged in an alternating series of resistors and inductors, preferably with resistors at both outer ends, and connected electrically in series. The in-line module is located at a specific location along the wire, chosen through computer modeling and real-world testing for minimum transfer of received RF energy to a patient's skin, such as between 100 cm and 150 cm from the electrode end of a 240 centimeter cable. The total resistance of the resistors plus cable, connectors and solder is 1000 ohms or less; while the total inductance is roughly 1560 nanohenries. The inductors do not include ferrite or other magnetic material and are, together with the resistors, stock components thereby simplifying manufacture and reducing cost.

Abstract: An electrode assembly for use in computer tomographic (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) procedures include lead wires of 40 gauge copper electrical conductors, free of tin, in PVC insulation attached to electrodes. The electrodes, which may also be made of silver, gold or silver chloride or be made of metal-filled or metal-coated plastic, are attached to lead wires by any of the following (1) crimping using copper or polymer crimps; (2) shrink-wrap connections or ties, (3) radio frequency welding or heat staking; or (4) using conductive adhesives. The present electrode assembly reduces artifacts in the resulting images during CT scans and MRI procedures and thereby results in clearer images.

Abstract: A multi-electrode applicator includes a carrier with recesses formed in pre-selected locations on one side. Each recess carries an electrode, and optionally both an applicator and an electrode, so that, when that side of the carrier is applied to a surface, the electrodes engage the surface in their pre-selected locations. An adhesive is applied to the underside of the carrier to cause the carrier to stick to the skin surface. A release paper may be applied over the adhesive so that, when the paper is removed, the adhesive is exposed and the carrier can then be stuck to the skin. The carrier may be flat or curved, and the electrodes may be self-embedding electrodes, a stimulating- or recording-type electrode, or a ground electrode-reference electrode pair. Electrical conductor connects the electrode to a monitor directly or via a multi-pin connector.

Abstract: A unitary template, that is, a template that is made in one piece with contiguous, integral straps or cords, the ends of which can be joined together to form the completed template is disclosed. The material of which it is made may be inexpensive and accommodates a reasonable degree of flexibility in fitting patients whose heads are of different sizes and additional sizing flexibility by selectably expandable sections.