Abstract: Aminonitriles are prepared by reacting a nitrogen compound with formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide in the presence of an additional acid at a pH below 2 and at from 10.degree. to 70.degree. C., the concentration of the hydrogen cyanide during the reaction being not more than 3 per cent by weight, based on the reaction mixture.The aminoacetonitriles obtained by the novel process are valuable starting materials for the preparation of dyes, fungicides, bactericides, textile assistants, rubber additives, and auxiliaries used in water softening, cosmetics, the photographic industry, the paper industry and the electroplating industry.

Abstract: Blue iron hexacyanoferrate-III pigments (I) are prepared by anodic oxidation of metallic iron in hydrogen cyanide, or a reaction medium containing hydrogen cyanide, at pH<7 and at an anode potential of .ltoreq.0.76 V (measured against a standard hydrogen electrode) to complex iron-II hexacyanoferrate-II compounds (II), which are then oxidized to (I) in a conventional manner. The oxidation of (II) is advantageously carried out with air or oxygen at pH 0-4 and at from 70 to 95.degree. C., but can also be carried out at pH>8.The process gives readily dispersible pigments (I) which are of high color strength and give brilliant, glossy colorations.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to the use of foam inhibitors in printing pastes based on oil-in-water emulsions or aqueous emulsions. The foam inhibitors are mixtures of monoalkyphosphates and aliphatic esters or high boiling hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of .alpha.-hydroxy-.beta.,.beta.-dimethyl-.gamma.-butyrolactone (pantolactone) by condensation of formaldehyde with isobutyraldehyde to give hydroxypivalaldehyde, conversion of the latter to its cyanohydrin, and subsequent acid hydrolysis and lactonization, wherein formaldehyde and butyraldehyde are reacted in the presence of a tertiary amine, hydrocyanic acid, at a concentration not exceeding 1% by weight in the reaction mixture, is used to form the cyanohydrin, and the hydrolysis and simultaneous lactonization are carried out with gaseous hydrogen chloride.

Abstract: Manufacture of N-arylglycinonitriles by reacting N-arylamines with carbonyl compounds and hydrogen cyanide under specific reaction conditions in respect of the temperature, reaction time and hydrogen cyanide concentration.The N-arylglycinonitriles obtainable by the process of the invention are antioxidants and valuable starting materials for the manufacture of dyes, fungicides, bactericides, textile assistants and as inhibitors for use in antifreezes.

Abstract: Manufacture of glycinonitriles by reacting amines with carbonyl compounds and hydrogen cyanide under specific reaction conditions in respect of the temperature, reaction time and hydrogen cyanide concentration.The glycinonitriles obtainable by the process of the invention are antioxidants and valuable starting materials for the manufacture of dyes, fungicides, bactericides, textile auxiliaries and inhibitors for use in antifreezes.

Abstract: N-Alkylglycinonitriles are manufactured by reacting N-alkylamines with formaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid under specific reaction conditions in respect of temperature, reaction time and hydrocyanic acid concentration. The products are starting materials for the manufacture of dyes, fungicides, bactericides, textile assistants and assistants used in dental cosmetics, gas purification and waterproofing.

Abstract: N-Alkylglycinonitriles are manufactured by reaction of N-alkylamines with formaldehyde and hydrocyanic acid under specific conditions of temperature, reaction time and hydrocyanic acid concentration.

Abstract: Mono- or di-alkyl phosphate or their alkali metal salts or optionally substituted ammonium salts for use as antifoaming and hydrophobizing additives for hydraulic binders.

Abstract: The production of glycol monoesters of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acids of three or four carbon atoms and 1,2-diols of two to four carbon atoms by the reaction of acids with 1,2-alkylene oxides of two to four carbon atoms at elevated temperature in the presence of catalysts and polymerization initiators and also of molecular oxygen as an additional agent for suppressing polymerization.