Abstract: Computer-implemented methods and systems are provided for pre-processing image data to generate improved training data for training a machine learning system to automatically classify imagery. One or more images of a geographic region are captured and processed to obtain a plurality of labelled samples (also referred to as patches) for training the machine learning system. To do this, the amount that each class is contained within each area image relative to the whole dataset is measured, with the distribution of classes being weighted according to this measurement and normalised to determine how many patches per class and per area should be taken.

Abstract: Computer-implemented methods and systems are provided for pre-processing image data to generate improved training data for training a machine learning system to automatically classify imagery. One or more images of a geographic region are captured and processed to obtain a plurality of labelled samples (also referred to as patches) for training the machine learning system. Training data can then be selected from these labelled samples using a method based on simulated annealing, which iteratively searches through subsets of the available patches to identify a solution that is as close to the most optimal solution as possible.

Abstract: Hydrogenated trimetallic nitride endohedral metallofullerenes and various methods for producing these hydrogenated compounds are described. The hydrogenated trimetallic nitride endohedral metallofullerenes may be partially or fully hydrogenated. In some embodiments, the hydrogenated trimetallic nitride endohedral metallofullerenes exhibits increased water solubility. The hydrogenated trimetallic nitride endohedral metallofullerenes may be a potential source of hydrogen for fuel cell applications, as well as possess a number of potentially useful biological, magnetic, electronic, and chemical properties, with some being useful as MRI contrast agents.

Abstract: Thin films exhibiting second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, as well as materials and methods for producing such films, are provided. The films are formed by depositing, on a substrate, alternate layers of a polyelectrolyte and a low molecular weight chromophore. The chromophore contains an electrophilic group that reacts with a previously deposited polyelectrolyte, and ionizable groups which present absorption sites for the next polyelectrolyte layer. The films find application in, for example, electro-optic modulators and frequency doubling devices.

Abstract: Thin films exhibiting second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, as well as materials and methods for producing such films, are provided. The films are formed by depositing, on a substrate, alternate layers of a polyelectrolyte and a low molecular weight chromophore. The chromophore contains an electrophilic group that reacts with a previously deposited polyelectrolyte, and ionizable groups which present absorption sites for the next polyelectrolyte layer. The films find application in, for example, electro-optic modulators and frequency doubling devices.

Abstract: Thin films exhibiting second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, as well as materials and methods for producing such films, are provided. The films are formed by depositing, on a substrate, alternate layers of a polyelectrolyte and a low molecular weight chromophore. The chromophore contains an electrophilic group that reacts with a previously deposited polyelectrolyte, and ionizable groups which present absorption sites for the next polyelectrolyte layer. The films find application in, for example, electro-optic modulators and frequency doubling devices.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention provides a heating fuel blend comprising a petroleum based fuel and a vegetable oil. The petroleum based fuel can be selected from diesel fuel, fuel oil, and kerosene. The vegetable oil may be crude oil, degummed oil, or a mixture of crude and degummed oil and is selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, cottenseed oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, peanut oil, sunflowerseed oil, palm kernel oil, copra oil and other oils of similar composition produced by plants. In a preferred embodiment, the vegetable oil is present in an amount greater than zero and up to about 50% by volume, in a more preferred embodiment the vegetable oil is present in an amount greater than zero and up to about 20% by volume. A preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a petroleum based fuel and a soybean oil, where the soybean oil is present in an amount greater than zero and up to about 20% by volume.

Abstract: Thin films exhibiting second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, as well as materials and methods for producing such films, are provided. The films are formed by depositing, on a substrate, alternate layers of a polyelectrolyte and a low molecular weight chromophore. The chromophore contains an electrophilic group that reacts with a previously deposited polyelectrolyte, and ionizable groups which present absorption sites for the next polyelectrolyte layer. The films find application in, for example, electro-optic modulators and frequency doubling devices.

Abstract: An electrical indicator for providing a digital display representation of the value of an input variable has four display areas, each area being arranged to display an individual one of the digits of a four digit number representative of the value of the input variable. Each display area is in the form of a matrix array of light-emitting diodes. The indicator includes a computing unit which is arranged to energize those diodes making up each digit and, by varying the energization, to cause displacement of the least-significant digit within its display area upon change in value of the input variable. Digits within the other areas remain stationary until an adjacent less-significant digit is moved between `0` and `9` when the more-significant digit is displaced in synchronism with the less-significant digit. The computing unit includes a store which contains information as to which diodes should be energized to represent any particular digit.

Abstract: An electrical indicator has a consecutive series of light-emitting diodes which are arranged along a straight or curved reference scale. A limited region of the series, comprising several diodes, is energized and this illuminated region is displaced along the scale upon change in an electrical input variable supplied to the indicator such that the position of the region provides an analogue indication of the value of the input variable. To improve the appearance of the display and reduce power consumption, the brightness of the region varies along its length with one or both of the outermost diodes being energized at lower levels than another of the diodes. The indicator may include a shift register having a number of storage locations, each for storing signals representative of a corresponding one of the light-emitting diodes, the signals at these locations being displaced in accordance with change in value of the input variable.

Abstract: An aircraft-speed indicating instrument has an index which is movable against a scale to provide a reading of airspeed, and a digital indicator which is selectively operable to provide a digital reading of either Mach number or the airspeed. The index and the digital indicator are driven by respective control systems supplied with a multiplexed electrical signal containing information representative of both Mach number and airspeed. Each control system includes gating means which is operable to pass only those parts of the multiplexed signal necessary for the associated control means to provde the desired reading.