Abstract: Methods are provided for targeting cancer cells that over-express voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs or “sodium channels”) and causing osmotic lysis of these cancer cells by initially inhibiting the sodium, potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+, K+-ATPase or “sodium pump”), and then stimulating the VGSCs by pulsed magnetic field gradients to cause sodium and water to enter the cancer cells.

Abstract: A device, system and method for creating pulsed electric fields with good uniformity are provided. The electric fields occupy a large volume, suitable for placing a human or animal patient. A device for generating the electric fields is provided, which comprises one or more toroidally or cylindrically shaped magnetic core(s) wound with electrical wires, which, when pulsed with electrical currents, generate an electric field of high uniformity in the interior region of the toroidal or cylindrical cores. These electric field pulses, when used in conjunction with pharmacological agent, destroy cancer cells through a process called Targeted Osmotic Lysis.

Abstract: Methods are provided for targeting cancer cells that over-express voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs or “sodium channels”) and causing osmotic lysis of these cancer cells by initially inhibiting the sodium, potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+, K+-ATPase or “sodium pump”), and then stimulating the VGSCs by pulsed magnetic field gradients to cause sodium and water to enter the cancer cells.

Abstract: A targeted osmotic lysis (TOL) of tumor cells that over-express voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) has been developed that uses a combined therapy of a drug that blocks sodium, potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+, K+-ATPase) that is then followed by an activation of VGSCs, for example, by electrical or pharmacological stimulation. Activation of VGSCs conducts sodium into the cancer cells in much greater amounts than non-cancer cells. Water follows this sodium gradient into the cancer cells, causing swelling and lysis. Because non-cancerous cells do not over-express VGSCs, less sodium and less water will enter the cells, and the non-cancerous cells will not lyse. This method is applicable to all cells that over-express VGSCs, including, but not limited to, highly invasive breast cancer, prostate cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma, lymphoma, mesothelioma, neuroblastoma, and cervical cancer.

Abstract: A targeted osmotic lysis (TOL) of tumor cells that over-express voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) has been developed that uses a combined therapy of a drug that blocks sodium, potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+, K+-ATPase) that is then followed by an activation of VGSCs, for example, by electrical or pharmacological stimulation. Activation of VGSCs conducts sodium into the cancer cells in much greater amounts than non-cancer cells. Water follows this sodium gradient into the cancer cells, causing swelling and lysis. Because non-cancerous cells do not over-express VGSCs, less sodium and less water will enter the cells, and the non-cancerous cells will not lyse. This method is applicable to all cells that over-express VGSCs, including, but not limited to, highly invasive breast cancer, prostate cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma, lymphoma, mesothelioma, neuroblastoma, and cervical cancer.

Abstract: A targeted osmotic lysis (TOL) of tumor cells that over-express voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) has been developed that uses a combined therapy of a drug that blocks sodium, potassium-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+, K+-ATPase) that is then followed by an activation of VGSCs, for example, by electrical or pharmacological stimulation. Activation of VGSCs conducts sodium into the cancer cells in much greater amounts than non-cancer cells. Water follows this sodium gradient into the cancer cells, causing swelling and lysis. Because non-cancerous cells do not over-express VGSCs, less sodium and less water will enter the cells, and the non-cancerous cells will not lyse. This method is applicable to all cells that over-express VGSCs, including, but not limited to, highly invasive breast cancer, prostate cancer, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma, lymphoma, mesothelioma, neuroblastoma, and cervical cancer.

Abstract: Coaxial waveguide apparatus for conducting radio signals within a range of frequencies including an waveguide having an open end and a rear wall opposite the open end positioned along an axis of the waveguide and defining a waveguide cavity with a fundamental waveguide mode within the waveguide. The waveguide is constructed with a cutoff frequency for the fundamental waveguide mode which is at least 95% of the lowest frequency for the apparatus. A center conductor is positioned within the waveguide cavity and along the axis of the waveguide so that the center conductor and the waveguide define a coaxial waveguide cavity.

Abstract: A multi-feed, multi-band antenna includes a parabolic dish reflector, a plurality of four-port feeds, and may also include one or more orthomode two-port feeds. Each four-port feed is constructed to conduct multiple frequency bands and multiple polarized RF signals within each of the bands. A mounting structure mounts each of the feeds at a different position in a line and in a plane parallel to the rim of the reflector. The four-port feeds are of a size which allows them to be mounted adjacent each other and two degrees apart. The mounting structure positions the feeds at a distance F from the reflector. The diameter D of the reflector and the distance F have a relationship such that F/D is less than approximately 0.5.

Abstract: Electronically adaptable polarization antenna feed apparatus for receiving any sense of linear polarization or for receiving either sense of circular polarization. The circuit makes use of variable gain amplifiers and/or variable attenuators in each of two orthogonally polarized paths. The signal to noise ratio of a desired polarization sense is maximized by adjusting the amplitude or gain in each path to a desired ratio. If desired, polarization components from the two probes may be combined so that orthogonal polarization senses from two frequency reuse signals be used simultaneously. The apparatus may be used with linearly polarized signals and with circularly polarized signals.

Abstract: Waveguide OMT, which can be utilized as an antenna feed, has two orthogonally polarized coaxial ports extending through the back wall of the waveguide. Cross coupling between the probes is minimized by locating the point of entry through the back wall and orienting each probe such that it couples to a primary waveguide mode, but does not couple to the first higher waveguide mode, or, for coaxial waveguide, does not couple to the TEM mode.

Abstract: A processing system for microwave signals including a conductive housing having a waveguide probe for the input, a coaxial output connection and a section for receiving a microwave integrated circuit therein. The section contains two high impedance recesses therein, each of which is spaced a quarter-wavelength at microwave frequencies from the input and output portions of the integrated circuit. The high impedance recesses, reflected to the input and output sections, provide low impedance coupling therebetween for microwave signals. A dielectric member is interposed between the ground plane of the integrated circuit and the conductive housing to provide dc isolation therebetween and enable a single polarity voltage supply to establish the bias and operating voltages for the microwave integrated circuit.

Abstract: Apparatus for separating a radio frequency (rf) ground plane from a metal housing in which a circuit board is disposed includes an rf choke and a dielectric layer for separating the housing from the circuit board.

Abstract: A septum polarizer offering an exceptionally low axial ratio over a wide frequency band. A first trapped mode resonator or resonator pair is inserted in the circularly polarizing waveguide within the same plane as the septum and tuning screws to create a desired resonant response at a frequency lower than the cutoff frequency of the polarizer. Optionally, a second pair of trapped mode resonators is inserted in two opposing waveguide walls that are orthogonal to the septum, to create a desired resonant response at a higher frequency than the upper frequency limit of the polarizer. The resonators serve to flatten the phase response of the polarizer throughout its passband, thereby maximizing the purity of circularly polarized radiation produced thereby.

Abstract: A balanced phase septum polarizer for converting a linearly polarized microwave signal to a circularly polarized microwave signal and vice versa. The septum polarizer includes a first waveguide, capable of propagating a circularly polarized microwave signal, and a septum that divides this waveguide into second and third waveguides each of which is capable of propagating a linearly polarized electric field microwave signal. The septum extends between opposite sides of the first waveguide and has an edge that is shaped to produce an inflection point in the phase angle vs. frequency function for the orthogonal electrical field components of the circularly polarized microwave signal. This results in a "balanced phase angle" relationship that permits reduction of the septum polarizer VSWR and improves significantly the axial ratio of the circularly polarized microwave signal.

Abstract: An antenna for use in propagating or receiving microwave radiation having both left-hand and right-hand circular polarization. The left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized radiation may be transmitted or received simultaneously without interference with one another, that is, they are isolated from one another by 27 dB or more. The preferred antenna comprises an array of closely clustered waveguide elements each of which converts respective linearly polarized signals to left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized signals and vice versa. Isolation means also are provided in each of the waveguide elements for preventing radiation either propagated or received by a waveguide element from being coupled into the radiation being propagated or received by other waveguide elements in the array. Preferably, square waveguide is utilized for the array elements and the isolation is provided by a plurality of conductive elements mounted on each of the open ends of the waveguide elements.

Abstract: Improved apparatus for coupling microwave energy from coaxial transmission line to rectangular waveguide and vice versa. A cover, which includes a conductive material, is positioned on one end of a rectangular waveguide. The cover has an opening for receiving the center conductor of a coaxial transmission line and has means for electrically connecting the outer conductor of the coaxial transmission line to the conductive material of the cover. A conductive mass is positioned within the waveguide in spaced relation with its walls and the cover. The center conductor of the coaxial transmission line is in electrically conductive relation with the conductive mass. A hook-shaped conductive element has one of its ends in electrically conductive relation with the conductive mass and has its other end terminating within the waveguide at a location spaced from the waveguide walls and the cover.