Abstract: A method of forming chlorine hydrate is described which generally comprises, combining liquid chlorine with an aqueous liquid, and removing the heat of hydrate formation. This method may also include the steps of mixing the liquid chlorine with the aqueous liquid, and cooling the chlorine hydrate to provide a pressure decrease. However, in accordance with the present invention, no refrigeration of the aqueous liquid is required, as the heat of formation may be released to a substantially room temperature environment.

Abstract: A metal halogen battery system, including at least one cell having a positive electrode and a negative electrode contacted by aqueous electrolyte containing the material of said metal and halogen, store means whereby halogen hydrate is formed and stored as part of an aqueous material, means for circulating electrolyte through the cell and to the store means, and conduit means for transmitting halogen gas formed in the cell to a hydrate former whereby the hydrate is formed in association with the store means, said store means being constructed in the form of a container which includes a filter means, said filter means being inoperative to separate the hydrate formed from the electrolyte, said system having, a hydrate former pump means associated with the store means and being operative to intermix halogen gas with aqueous electrolyte to form halogen hydrate, said hydrate former means including, multiple outlet nozzle means connected with the outlet side of said pump means and being operative to minimize pluggi

Abstract: An improved hydrate store for a metal halogen battery system is disclosed which employs a multiple stage, multiple filter means or separating the halogen hydrate from the liquid used in forming the hydrate. The filter means is constructed in the form of three separate sections which combine to substantially cover the interior surface of the store container. Exit conduit means is provided in association with the filter means for transmitting liquid passing through the filter means to a hydrate former subsystem. The hydrate former subsystem combines the halogen gas generated during the charging of the battery system with the liquid to form the hydrate in association with the store. Relief valve means is interposed in the exit conduit means for controlling the operation of the separate sections of the filter means, such that the liquid flow through the exit conduit means from each of the separate sections is controlled in a predetermined sequence.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell for separating chlorine gas from other (foreign) gases, having an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, a gas impermeable (but liquid permeable) membrane interposed between the anode and cathode electrodes, an aqueous electrolyte, a housing, and a constant voltage power supply. The electrolytic cell may be constructed in either a rectangular or cylindrical geometry, and may be combined with other electrolytic cells to form a multiple cell system. In operation, a stream of chlorine and foreign gases enters the cell at the lower portion of the cathode electrode. The chlorine gas is dissolved into the electrolytic and electrochemically reduced into chloride ions. The chloride ions diffuse through the gas impermeable membrane, and are electrochemically oxidized at the anode into purified chlorine gas. The foreign gases do not participate in the above, and are vented from the cell.

Abstract: A metal-halogen-hydrate electrical energy system having two fluid flow loops operating in parallel driven from the same pump.

Abstract: A bipolar electrode apparatus for use in a secondary electrical energy storage device comprising a first member having a front and back side, a second member having a front and back side, a plurality of passageways formed by the attachment on the back sides of the first and second members and provided that the front side of the first member is the positive electrode in one cell and the front side of the second member is the negative electrode of a second cell, the first member being permeable to electrolyte but gas impermeable and adapted to pass electrolyte from the passageway through it and the second member being both gas and electrolyte impermeable.