Abstract: A method for producing steel in a top-blown molten metal vessel having a hot metal charge to form a bath. The method comprises top blowing from a lance oxygen gas onto or beneath the surface of the bath while introducing an inert gas to the bath from beneath the surface thereof during said top blowing. The rate of inert gas is increased progressively during top blowing of oxygen and the rate of oxygen is decreased progressively during said top blowing.

Abstract: A method for producing stainless steel in a top-blown molten metal vessel having a hot metal charge to form a bath. The method comprises top blowing from a lance oxygen and/or a mixture of oxygen and inert gas onto or beneath the surface of the bath while introducing a low flow rate inert gas to the bath from beneath the surface thereof during said top blowing. The ratio of oxygen-to-inert gas is decreased progressively during top blowing. The relative flow proportion of top-blown gases and bottom-blown gases remains substantially the same throughout the process.

Abstract: A process for the production of stainless steel in a top blown oxygen converter wherein the rate of carbon removal during the refining process is improved particularly from the standpoint of minimizing oxidation of other alloying elements such as chromium. This is achieved by introducing oxygen mixed with an inert gas through a tuyere and into the metal being refined either simultaneously during a portion of the oxygen blowing or after the completion of oxygen blowing but in any case it is continued until the required carbon level has been achieved, while the interior of the converter above the liquid level is maintained at subatmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A process for producing electromagnetic silicon steel having a cube-on-edge orientation. The process includes the steps of: preparing a melt of silicon steel, casting a strip of said steel, hot rolling, cold rolling, decarburizing, and final texture annealing. The cast strip has a thickness of from 0.15 to 1.0 inch.