Abstract: The present invention is a composition of matter comprising an edible, wholly or partially nondigestible low calorie fat material having a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic rheology at body temperature. In particular, at 100° F. (37.8° C.) the fat material has: (a) a viscosity of at least about 2.5 poise at a shear rate of 800 seconds−1, a viscosity of at least about 4.0 poise at a shear rate of 100 seconds−1, and a viscosity of at least about 15.0 poise at a shear rate of 10 seconds−1; (b) a yield point of at least about 2,500 dynes/cm2; (c) a thixotropic area of at least about 0.20×106 dynes/cm2-sec.; and (d) a liquid/solid stability of at least about 50%. The composition is useful as a substitute for triglyceride fats in low calorie fat-containing food products, and as a method for reducing serum cholesterol.

Abstract: A railway anchor spreader has a rotating plate on each side of each rail, with the bottom of each rotating plate having a pair of jaws. The tie plates are lowered until the jaws strike the ballast, and the tie plates are then pivoted first in one direction, and then in the opposite direction, by a hydraulic cylinder located near the top of the anchor spreader plates. The jaws will thereby strike the tie plates, first pushing them in one direction and then in the opposite direction, to move the rail anchors away from the tie. The shape of the jaws ensures that pivoting the anchor spreader plate will not cause the jaws to strike the tie as well as the tie plate. A rail clamp capable of grabbing rails of various sizes is also provided.

Abstract: A railway tie plate insertion vehicle includes operator's chairs mounted on both sides of the vehicle; with the occupants of each chair being provided with a tie plate insertion wand including controls for movement of the vehicle. A tie magazine deposits a tie plate on the tie upon actuation by the operator when a tie plate has not been previously deposited. A first rail clamp includes a pair of rollers for engaging the rail, attached to the ends of a pair of scissor arms, so that raising the rail draws the scissor arms closer together, increasing the gripping pressure on the rail. A similar rail clamp is located at the rear of the vehicle, which also includes an electrical connection for the operator's wand, thereby permitting tie plate insertion from the rear of the vehicle when obstacles are present along the sides of the vehicle.

Abstract: A railway tie insertion system includes a guide plate having an easily adjustable height, and in many embodiments including a pair of side guides. The tie plate extends for substantially the entire distance between the rails, thereby minimizing the escape of ballast. During insertion of a tie, the tie guide plate and associated side guides provide guide surfaces along three sides of the inserted tie, thereby ensuring that the tie is inserted perpendicular to the pair of rails.

Abstract: A railway tie bed scarifier mounts on a tie remover/inserter machine. The tie bed scarifier is dimensioned and configured to widen the pre-existing channels left in the ballast through the removal of old ties. The tie bed scarifier includes a carriage moving between a raised travel position and a lowered work position, and a pair of tines reciprocating between a retracted position wherein they fit between the rails, and an extended position wherein they extend towards the sides of the ballast. A method of inserting a railway tie is also provided.

Abstract: A material distribution system for stick-like objects such as railroad spikes includes a rake for peeling the stick-like objects from the top of a pile, and transferring them to another location, for example, where they might be reached by a human operator. Use of the rake to peel the object from the top of the pile, with minimized downward pressure applied by the rake, minimizes the tendency of the objects to entangle with each other.

Abstract: A railway maintenance vehicle exchanges worn crossties for new ones. Worn ties are collected and stored in open-top gondola cars, preferably progressing longitudinally. New ties are simultaneously unloaded from the gondola cars for distribution along the-track. Flange-wheeled tie transport vehicles such as a mobile crane and a bundle clasping transport travel on rails atop the gondola cars to move worn and new ties between collection and distribution devices and the respective storage and unloading locations. Gaps between the cars are bridged by hinged telescoping rail sections. The travel distance between the storage or unloading location and the collection or distribution points change over time. To improve efficiency, at least one intermediate temporary storage basket is moved along the cars and can be passed over by the transport vehicles.

Abstract: A road and rail vehicle has a truck tractor vehicle frame such that it is street legal, but also provides sufficient power to move freight cars on low density rail lines or at other desired locations. The vehicle has a transfer case to provide front wheel drive by road wheels when the vehicle is in a road or highway mode and to provide rear wheel drive by rail wheels when in a rail mode. The vehicle has a front guide rail wheel unit which moves front rail wheels between an upper road position and a lower rail position. A rear or back axle has right and left back road wheels thereon and is movable between an upper rail position and a lower road position.

Abstract: A rail guide wheel arrangement provides movement of rail wheels between rail and road positions with a compact zone of movement such that no open zone is required in front or behind the apparatus to accommodate such movement. The movement of rail wheels and a wheel support has no component of movement in the rail direction. Side shifting of the guide wheel unit can be controlled by control arrangement using a single joystick to control two actuators. A suspension is provided using two spring cells. An axle may include cavities to receive the spring cells when the apparatus is in its road position. A locking arrangement uses pilot operated check valves and secondary mechanical locks.

Abstract: A road and rail vehicle has a truck tractor vehicle frame such that it is street legal, but also provides sufficient power to move freight cars on low density rail lines or at other desired locations. The vehicle has a transfer case to provide front wheel drive by road wheels when the vehicle is in a road or highway mode and to provide rear wheel drive by rail wheels when in a rail mode. The vehicle has a front guide rail wheel unit which moves front rail wheels between an upper road position and a lower rail position. A rear or back axle has right and left back road wheels thereon and is movable between an upper rail position and a lower road position.

Abstract: A guide wheel apparatus and vehicle typically used in railroad applications, using the apparatus has a double overcenter linkage arrangement to secure rail wheels in both road and rail positions for respectively traveling on roads and rails. An electric motor is coupled to the linkage by way of a planetary gear train.

Abstract: A rail spike feeder, which may feed regular spikes, hairpin or lock spikes, and coach screws, uses a holder which receives spikes from a spike chute. The spikes do not assume any secure position from exiting the spike chute until after contact with the holder. The holder uses a four bar linkage arrangement such that the holder pivots about ends of first and second links at the same time the opposite ends of the links are swinging or pivoting about their mounts. This maintains a proper orientation for spikes moved into a spiking position whereat a spiker head, such as a spike hammer, may insert the spikes into tie plates and ties. A counterweighted finger assembly is used to maintain spike orientation as spikes are transferred from the spike chute to the holder.

Abstract: A rail maintenance vehicle includes a slide frame along which a grinder may move while the vehicle remains stationary. The grinder may be moved automatically away from the rail as the grinder moves longitudinally along the rail away from the center of a weld bead in order to smooth the grinding at the weld bead. The slide frame is connected by a linkage mechanism such that the grinder may be oriented at different grinding angles over a range of 200.degree.. The grinder is mounted upon a lateral displacer such that the grinder may be moved from one side of the vehicle to the other for grinding on rails on either the right or left side of the vehicle. A turntable system allows the turntable cylinder to pivot up and out of the way to a horizontal position so that the lateral displacer may move the grinder from one side of the vehicle to the other without interference from a vertical turntable cylinder.

Abstract: A tie exchanger assembly is mounted upon a truck and is used for removal and insertion of ties in a railroad roadbed. A boom is mounted to a rail clamp table which is vertically movable between an upper stored position and a lowered operable position. The boom is mounted to the center of the rail clamp support table and is rotatable 180.degree. about a vertical axis so that the boom may be used for manipulating ties on both sides of the vehicle. Rail clamps and rail engagement wheels are mounted to the underside of the rail clamp table. The boom is pivotable about a horizontal pivot axis. A tie clamp is mounted at a distal end of the boom. A self-aligning tie clamp may advantageously be used so as to clamp concrete ties or other ties with irregular or concave surfaces.

Abstract: A tie replacement vehicle uses a tie feed arm to turn ties upon the main frame of the vehicle upside down such that they may be gripped by a tie inserter having a boom mounted below the main frame of the vehicle. The tie inserter has a tie clamp which may be shifted in the lengthwise direction of the vehicle in order to shift old ties out of the way. A tie pickup is mounted at each end of the vehicle for moving ties from the main frame of the vehicle to the rails. A conveyor system on the vehicle allows ties to be moved under the operator cab and engine.

Abstract: A railway guide wheel apparatus attaches to a frame of a road vehicle to allow the road vehicle to travel along rails. The apparatus has a side shift capability where railway wheels of the apparatus may be lowered to engage rails even when the vehicle is offset sideways from the rails. An automatic centering arrangement will center the vehicle relative to the rails after the railway wheels have engaged the rails. Spring cells are used as a suspension to absorb vibration from the railway wheels contacting the rails and to maintain the railway wheels in contact with the rails.

Abstract: A rail engagement apparatus to allow a highway or road vehicle to travel along a railway includes a wheel support having railway wheels. When the rail support is in a lower position corresponding to a rail mode, the wheel support bears against the underside of the vehicle axle. Vibration and shock from contact between the railway wheel and rails will therefore be dampened by the vehicle suspension. The wheel support may be disposed in an upper position corresponding to a road mode such that there is no contact between the wheel support and the vehicle axle.

Abstract: A vehicle for replacing selective ties in a road bed uses a conveyor system whereby ties may be picked up from on top of the rails. If the ties are to be used by the particular vehicle, they may be held by that vehicle. On the other hand, the conveyor system allows ties to pass over top of the vehicle such that the ties will be again disposed on top of the rails such that a following tie replacement vehicle may use the ties. By use of a tie replacement or inserter head having two tie clamps, one can more quickly remove an old tie from underneath the rails and replace the old tie with a new tie which has been picked up from on top of the vehicle. Electromagnets are used to hold the tie plates against the rails during the selective replacement of particular ties such that replacement of the tie plates is not usually necessary.

Abstract: A tie remover/inserter machine uses the vehicle and bucket of a conventional backhoe with various modifications. Grader blades are added to the loader bucket such that the machine may be used for grading ballast along a railroad track. Rail engagement wheels which may be raised and lowered are mounted to the chassis of the vehicle. A three section telescopic boom is equipped with a tie clamping device that also has the ability to tilt a tie in relation to the boom. The boom may be pivoted about horizontal and vertical axes. The boom is mounted to the vehicle by way of a side shift carriage which allows the proximal end (i.e., end closest to the vehicle) of the boom to be moved towards the center line of the vehicle so as to allow the vehicle to meet road clearance limitations.

Abstract: A solvent-free transesterification comprising the steps of (1) heating a mixture of a polyol, a fatty acid lower alkyl ester, an alkali metal fatty acid soap, and a basic catalyst to form a homogenous melt; and (2) subsequently adding to the reaction product of step (1) excess fatty acid lower alkyl esters yields polyol fatty acid polyesters.