Abstract: The invention concerns a pressure amplifier that includes a low pressure inlet for supplying a medium at low pressure, a low pressure piston with a first operational area and at least one high pressure piston with a second operational area, the second area being smaller than the first area, and at least one high pressure outlet.

Abstract: A method of sharpening cutting blades of the type made from bar stock type material, the method comprising producing relief surfaces on the cutting profile surface. The method comprises forming first and second relief surfaces on the cutting profile surface. The first relief surface extends from a location inward of the cutting edge to the back face and is oriented at a first relief angle with respect to a side surface. The second relief surface extends from the cutting edge to the first relief surface and is oriented at a second relief angle with respect to the side surface with the second relief angle being smaller than the first relief angle. The cutting blades may comprise a uniform cross-section and the cutting profile may include a protuberant portion adjacent the top surface of the cutting blades.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of truing and angling the blades of a form-relieved face mill cutter during the blade sharpening process thus eliminating a separate time-consuming procedure for truing and angling. The position of the cutting edge of each blade is determined and a reference blade is selected. The sharpening plane of each remaining cutting blade is repositioned, if needed, such that after removing stock material from the blades in accordance with the newly repositioned sharpening plane, the cutting edge of each blade will follow essentially the same path when the cutter is rotated about its axis.

Abstract: A method of sharpening cutting blades of the type made from bar stock type material, the method comprising producing relief surfaces on the cutting profile surface. The method comprises forming first and second relief surfaces on the cutting profile surface. The first relief surface extends from a location inward of the cutting edge to the back face and is oriented at a first relief angle with respect to a side surface. The second relief surface extends from the cutting edge to the first relief surface and is oriented at a second relief angle with respect to the side surface with the second relief angle being smaller than the first relief angle.

Abstract: A grinding process and wheel are disclosed wherein any or all surfaces of a cutting blade may be generated in a continuous grinding operation utilizing a single grinding wheel having a simple profile. A grinding wheel having a grinding profile comprising an inner conical surface and an adjacent outer narrow substantially flat surface is provided. The inner conical surface rough grinds to generate a roughed blade surface and the adjacent outer narrow substantially flat surface finish grinds the roughed surface to generate a finished blade surface. Computer numerical control (CNC) is utilized to control the relative movement of the grinding wheel and cutting blade along or about a plurality of axes. Inner and outer arcuate grinding surfaces may also be provided for rough grinding.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a rotary cutter for cutting gears and the like. The rotary cutter has an axis of rotation and comprises a disc-shaped cutter head having a circumferential edge surface. The cutter head further includes an inner wall surface located radially inwardly with respect to the edge surface and being concentric about and extending parallel to the axis of rotation. The rotary cutter further includes a cutter ring located on the cutter head. The cutter ring has at least one stock removing surface located on a base portion with the base portion having an inside ring surface, an outside ring surface, and a base surface with the outside ring surface being perpendicular to the base surface. The cutter ring is in a radially expanded condition whereby the outside ring surface is seated against the inner wall surface of the cutter head and the base surface is seated against the first surface of the cutter head.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process and apparatus for grinding tooth surfaces of spur and helical gears by a generating method. The outer tooth surfaces of a theoretical ring gear are conjugate to the grinding surfaces along the width of a generally hourglass shaped grinding wheel. The grinding wheel is rotated which in turn causes the theoretical ring gear to rotate. A work gear is rotated in mesh with the internal tooth surfaces of the theoretical ring gear and simultaneously is traveresed in mesh across the width of the grinding wheel with the center of the work gear moving in a path about the center of the theoretical ring gear.

Abstract: A grinding process and wheel are disclosed wherein any or all surfaces of a cutting blade may be generated in a continuous grinding operation utilizing a single grinding wheel having a simple profile. A grinding wheel having a grinding profile comprising an inner conical surface and an adjacent outer narrow substantially flat surface is provided. The inner conical surface rough grinds to generate a roughed blade surface and the adjacent outer narrow substantially flat surface finish grinds the roughed surface to generate a finished blade surface. Computer numerical control (CNC) is utilized to control the relative movement of the grinding wheel and cutting blade along or about a plurality of axes. Inner and outer arcuate grinding surfaces may also be provided for rough grinding.

Abstract: A differential gear assembly for vehicles is provided between a pair of drive axles (12), (14) are received in bores (10) formed in the sides of a differential housing (4), and wherein axially aligned worm or side gears (18, 18') are coupled to each axle end for meshing engagement with torque transfer gears (20) within said housing. A non-rotatable washer element (30) is inserted between confronting end faces of the side gears (18, 18') to reduce the sliding velocity between the washer and each side gear to one-half of the relative sliding velocity between the side gears, thereby reducing and/or controlling friction between the side gears and reducing differences in bias ratios associated with opposite directions of differentiation.

Abstract: A rotary dressing roller of the generating type and a method and apparatus for dressing a substantially cup-shaped grinding wheel for longitudinally curved tooth gears. The rotary dressing roller 40 is provided with a base portion 42 which is rotatable mounted to the dressing motor 38 of a dressing apparatus 15. The dressing apparatus 15 is used to dress a grinding wheel 50. At the other end of base portion 42 there is provided a working portion 44 having an outer concave surface 45, an inner convex surface 46 and an outer cutting rim portion 47. The outer concave surface 45 and inner convex surface 46 of working portion 44 are shaped so as to allow dressing of the inside working surface 52 and outside working surface 54 of grinding wheel 50 by rotation of the rotary dressing roller 40 in a single direction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the bulk temperature of a workpiece in a quenching apparatus. The temperature is calculated by monitoring the change in size of the bore in the workpiece.

Abstract: A differential gear assembly of the type including worm or helical-type gears mounted on crossed non-intersecting axes is provided wherein a pair of drive axles (12, 14) are received in bores (10) formed in the sides of a differential housing (4), and wherein axially aligned worm or side gears (18, 30) are coupled to each axle end for meshing engagement with torque transfer gears within said housing. One of the side gears (30) is provided with an outwardly directed flange (36) which overlaps an inwardly directed flange (42) associated with the housing to maintain the end faces of the side gears (18, 30) out of contact with each other to preclude axial thrust forces developed in one side gear (30) from passing to the other (18) and to eliminate frictional forces at the interface of the side gears, thereby reducing differences in bias ratios associated with opposite directions of differentiation without significantly reducing the overall bias ratio of the assembly.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for sharpening and resharpening cutting blades provides for very accurate positioning of a plurality of cutting blades relative to a single grinding plane for a grinding wheel. The apparatus includes means for positioning the cutting blades in precise relationships to a reference axis so that the reference axis can be used for establishing critical geometric surfaces on the cutting blades.

Abstract: An improved method for resharpening cutting blades for gear cutting machines provides for accurate positioning of the cutting blades relative to a single grinding plane of a grinding wheel. The method includes steps of positioning the cutting blades in a certain relationship to a reference axis so that the reference axis can be used for establishing critical geometric relationships for the resharpened surfaces of the cutting blades.

Abstract: A coin-operated apparatus for dispensing a predetermined volume of a fluid to be purchased by insertion of a coin into a slot, includes a plunger for forcing the coin between two slides, one of which is moved by the coin to a fluid pumping position and the other of which is moved by a piston after the predetermined volume of fluid has been pumped, to a coin release position. Upon coin release, the fluid pumping is discontinued and the piston moves back to dispense the purchased fluid, whereupon the parts return to their initial position. The two slides move at right angles to each other.