Abstract: A efficient point source x-ray target tape assemble. A tape is wrapped helically around a rotating drum a little more than one complete turn so as to create an overlap section where a section of the tape is positioned parallel and adjacent to a separate section of the tape. The tape advances slowly across the outside surface of the drum at a speed which is a small fraction of the tangential surface speed of said drum. In a preferred embodiment a pulsed laser beam is focused on the tape at a fixed spot in space through which the tape moves in order to create x-rays from plasma generated by very high intensity ablation of the tape material. The combination of the drum rotation and the tape advancement across the surface of the drum permits substantially full utilization of the tape material for generation of x-rays.

Abstract: A high average power, high brightness solid state laser system. We first produce seed laser beam with a short pulse duration and frequency in excess of 1,000 pulses per second. A laser amplifier amplifies the seed pulse beam to produce an amplified pulse laser beam which is focused to produce pulses with brightness levels in excess of 10.sup.11 Watts/cm.sup.2. Preferred embodiments produce an amplified pulse laser beam having an average power in the range of 1 kW, an average pulse frequency of 12,000 pulses per second with pulses having brightness levels in excess of 10.sup.14 Watts/cm.sup.2 at a 20 .mu.m diameter spot which is steered rapidly to simulate a larger spot size. These beams are useful in producing X-ray sources for lithography.In one preferred embodiment, the seed beam is produced in a mode locked Nd:YAG oscillator pumped by a diode array with the frequency of the pulses being reduced by an electro-optic modulator.

Abstract: A high average power, high brightness solid state laser system. A laser produces a first pulse laser beam with a high pulse frequency. A pulse spacing selector removes from the first pulse laser beam more than 80 percent of the pulses to produce a second pulse laser beam having a series of periodically spaced short pulses in excess of 1,000 pulses per second. A laser amplifier amplifies the second pulse train to produce an amplified pulse laser beam which is focused to produce pulses with brightness levels in excess of 10.sup.11 Watts/cm.sup.2. A preferred embodiment produces an amplified pulse laser beam having an average power in the range of 1 KW, an average pulse frequency of 12,000 pulses per second with pulses having brightness levels in excess of 10.sup.14 Watts/cm.sup.2 at a 20 .mu.m diameter spot which is steered rapidly to simulate a larger spot size. These beams are useful in producing X-ray sources for lithography.

Abstract: An atomic resonance filter device. The device includes a bulbous shaped cell containing atomic vapor which converts narrow band received light into longer wavelength photons which are collected by an integrated sphere like housing and a spatial collecting cone to which passes the longer wavelength photons to a photodector. The housing has an inner reflective surface or coating which reflects received light and converted light frequencies. The housing opening is covered with a filter that passes the received light and blocks the spectrum of converted light. The inner surface of the filter is coated with a coating highly reflective to converted light. A light collecting cone with a cylindrical body portion is centrally positioned in the bottom of the cesium cell on the surface of the housing opposite the housing opening and the cylindrical portion passes through the wall of the housing to the exterior. Collecting cone improves light collection to the photodetector by about 50%.

Abstract: An optical interference filter has narrow linewidth and wide acceptance ae and includes a hemisphere coated to provide a narrow bandpass filter at a desired wavelength at normal incidence while other wavelengths at normal incidence are absorbed or reflected. A photodetector placed at the center of the hemisphere detects the desired wavelength only. Other wavelengths that are shorter than the wavelength of the filter are transmitted through the filter to be absorbed by a black absorbing surface around the photodetector. Thus, only the frequency of interest at normal incidence provides a representative signal at the detector.

Abstract: An uncomplicated, compact and environmentally-immune sensor for the degree f articulation of finger joints in a remote underwater vehicle uses a length of an optical fiber connected to each finger joint. As the joint is rotated, the bending of the optical fiber changes the attenuation of light through the fibers and a detector monitoring this change provides a signal that is correlated to the degree of articulation.