Abstract: A chromium-nickel-silicon-manganese steel alloy consisting essentially of about 1.0% maximum carbon, from 10% to about 16% manganese, about 0.07% maximum phosphorus, about 0.1% maximum sulfur, 4% to 6% silicon, 4% to 6% chromium, 4% to about 6% nickel, about 0.05% maximum nitrogen, and balance essentially iron. Preferred embodiments exhibit excellent galling resistance, metal-to-metal wear resistance, high impact strength, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel having high strength, good hot workability, good corrosion resistance, and freedom from embrittlement both in the cold-worked and stress-relieved condition and in the heat affected zone of weldments, consisting essentially of 0.06% maximum carbon, about 0.2% to 3.0% manganese, about 21% to 24.5% chromium, about 10% to 17% nickel, about 0.15% to 0.40% nitrogen, about 1.5% maximum silicon, about 2% to 4.5% molybdenum, about 0.06% maximum phosphorus, about 0.35% maximum sulfur, residual columbium with less than about 0.04% carbon and about 0.1% to 0.6% columbium with carbon exceeding about 0.04%, and balance essentially iron.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel which is wrought or cast, and annealed, condition exhibits excellent galling resistance, excellent stress corrosion resistance in chloride-containing environments, good resistance against intergranular corrosion, good high temperature oxidation resistance, and a high work hardening rate. The broad composition range is, in weight percent, about 13% to about 19% chromium, about 13% to about 19% nickel, 0.5% to about 4% manganese, 3.5% to about 7% silicon, up to about 0.15% carbon, less than 0.04% nitrogen, about 0.05% maximum phoshorus, about 0.05% maximum sulfur, and balance essentially iron except for incidental impurities. The steel can be readily worked with conventional equipment and has particular utility for applications in which moving metal-to-metal contact, corrosive attack and/or elevated temperature are encountered in combination. The steel can also be cast into articles of ultimate use, or utilized in powder metallurgy techniques.

Abstract: A substantially fully ferritic stainless steel having improved hot rolling and cold drawing properties, consisting essentially of from 0.010% to 0.17% carbon, 0.05% to 1.0% manganese, 0.05% to 1.0% silicon, 20.0% to 30.0% chromium, 0.05% to 0.35% nitrogen, 0.15% to 1.0% columbium, up to 0.50% vanadium, up to 0.75% molybdenum, 0.040% maximum phosphorus, 0.030% maximum sulfur, and remainder essentially iron. Columbium carbo-nitrides are distributed as dispersoids in a ferritic matrix and provide a strenghtening effect which prevents scratches, seams and longitudinal folds in hot rolled material and galling and scratches in cold drawn material. Preferably columbium plus vanadium is not more than 4 times carbon plus nitrogen.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel which in wrought or cast, and annealed, condition exhibits excellent galling resistance, excellent stress corrosion resistance in chloride-containing environments, good resistance against intergranular corrosion, good high temperature oxidation resistance, and a high work hardening rate. The broad composition range is, in weight percent, about 13% to about 19% chromium, about 13% to about 19% nickel, 0.5% to about 4% manganese, 3.5% to about 7% silicon, up to about 0.15% carbon, less than 0.04% nitrogen, about 0.05% maximum phosphorus, about 0.05% maximum sulfur, and balance essentially iron except for incidental impurities. The steel can be readily worked with conventional equipment and has particular utility for applications in which moving metal-to-metal contact, corrosive attack and/or elevated temperature are encountered in combination. The steel can also be cast into articles of ultimate use, or utilized in power metallurgy techniques.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel which in wrought or cast, and annealed, condition exhibits excellent galling resistance, excellent stress corrosion resistance in chloride-containing environments, good resistance against intergranular corrosion, good high temperature oxidation resistance, and a high work hardening rate. The broad composition range is, in weight percent, about 13 to about 19% chromium, about 13 to about 19% nickel, 0.5 to about 4% manganese, 3.5 to about 7% silicon, up to about 0.15% carbon, less than 0.04% nitrogen, about 0.05% maximum phosphorus, about 0.05% maximum sulfur, and balance essentially iron except for incidental impurities. The steel can be readily worked with conventional equipment and has particular utility for applications in which moving metal-to-metal contact, corrosive attack and/or elevated temperature are encountered in combination. The steel can also be cast into articles of ultimate use, or utilized in powder metallurgy techniques.

Abstract: A method of increasing the abrasion resistance of a heat hardenable chromium-bearing stainless steel, comprising adding at least one of silicon and titanium to a stainless steel melt containing from 0.75% to 10% carbon, 11.5% to 18% chromium, and balance essentially iron, silicon being from about 0.3% to about 4.5%, titanium being from about 0.75% to about 10%. The additions are proportioned such that silicon exceeds 1.5% when titanium exceeds about 1.5% at about 0.75% to about 1.5% carbon, and silicon exceeds 1.5% when titanium exceeds about 4% at carbon greater than 1.75%. A heat hardened steel article or fabricated product having excellent abrasion resistance consists essentially of about 1.8% to about 10% carbon, up to about 1.0% manganese, about 0.45% to about 4.5% silicon, about 11.5% to about 18% chromium, up to about 1% nickel, 1% to about 10% titanium, up to about 1.5% molybdenum, and balance essentially iron, with silicon exceeding 1.5% when titanium exceeds about 4%.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel having excellent galling resistance by reason of a silicon-containing surface oxide film and a high work hardening rate, good wear resistance, good corrosion resistance in chloride-containing environmets, and excellent oxidation resistance, containing 10% to 25% chromium, 3% to 15% nickel, 6% to 16% manganese, 2% to 7% silicon, 0.001% to 0.25% carbon, 0.001% to 0.4% nitrogen, and balance iron except for incidental impurities. Up to 4% molybdenum, up to 4% copper, 0.09% maximum phosphorus, up to 0.25% maximum sulfur and up to 0.50% maximum selenium may be present. The steel is readily workable on ordinary equipment into plate, sheet, strip, bar, rod and like wrought products.

Abstract: A method of cold-working and stress-relieving iron-chromium ferritic stainless steels of non-heat hardenable type in the AISI 400 series, thereby increasing the ultimate tensile strength while maintaining good tensile ductility. Cold-working is effected by peripherally contacting the steel, i.e., extruding and/or die drawing, to produce a "cellular structure" not attainable in cold rolling. Repetitive cold-working and stress-relief anneals between about 750.degree. and 1200.degree. F increase the ultimate tensile strength in increments and restore the tensile ductility substantially to that of the hot rolled and annealed material, while maintaining the tensile to yield ratio substantially constant. Ultimate tensile strength up to about 400 ksi in small diameter wire is attainable.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel which in solution treated condition exhibits excellent strength, hardness, and resistance to oxidation and sulfidation at elevated temperature, comprises from about 0.20 to about 0.50% carbon, about 0.01 to about 3.0% manganese, about 18 to about 35% chromium, about 0.01 to about 15% nickel, about 0.30 to about 1.0% nitrogen, about 0.10% maximum phosphorus, about 0.40% maximum sulfur, about 2% maximum silicon, up to about 0.75% cerium, and remainder substantially iron. Manganese is preferably restricted to a maximum of about 2.5% in combination with a preferred minimum chromium content of 21%. The steel has particular utility for fabrication into valves and valve parts for high performance diesel engines and gasoline engines, wherein exhaust valve temperatures are encountered within the range of about 1100.degree. to about 1600.degree. F and higher.