Abstract: A system for testing biological samples includes a frame having first and second sides and an aperture extending through the frame from the first side to the second side. First and second covers are attached to the first and second sides of the frame to form a well bounded by the frame, the first cover, and the second cover. An electromagnetic imaging device is used to image the biological sample through the first cover. A method is also conceived, wherein a first fluid is supplied to the well, the first fluid including live cells. A biofilm is grown from the live cells. A second fluid is supplied to the well and the biofilm is imaged using the electromagnetic imaging device.

Abstract: Methods of identifying an individual as being a slow gingivitis responder or a high gingivitis responder are disclosed. Some methods are based on IL-1? levels in the individual's GCF at the site of inflammation. Some methods are based on MIF and/or CCL-1 levels in the individual's GCF in healthy tissue distant from the site of inflammation. Some disclosed methods are based on temporal differences in IL-8, IL-6 and/or TNF? levels in the individual's GCF in healthy tissue distant from the site of inflammation during the development of plaque induced inflammation. Methods of treating an individual who has gingivitis and methods of preventing gingivitis are also provided. The treatment and prevention methods comprise determining if individual is a slow gingivitis responder or a high gingivitis responder and applying oral care compositions to the individual's oral cavity.

Abstract: Described herein are—inter alia—complexes comprising a curcuminoid; and an anionic surfactant. Methods of making and using same are also described.

Abstract: An oral biology model which comprises biofilm, oral epithelial tissue and a suspension of neutrophil-like cells in media is disclosed. The biofilm, which comprises oral bacteria, is produced by culturing oral bacteria on a solid substrate. The oral epithelial tissue may be gingival epithelial tissue to model the gingival crevice or buccal epithelial tissue to model the oral check. The suspension of neutrophil-like cells in media comprises neutrophil-like cells that are differentiated HL60 cells induced to a neutrophil-like phenotype by treatment with retinoic acid. Methods of using the oral biology model to test and compare compounds and formulations or to screen compounds and formulations for their effect on release of inflammatory signals, their effect on biofilm and oral bacteria and/or their effect on the cellular components are disclosed.

Abstract: Described herein are methods used for the detection of gingivitis and the monitoring of gingivitis in a subject.

Abstract: An oral care implement having conductive protrusions. In one embodiment, the oral care implement includes a handle and a head coupled to the handle. Furthermore, the oral care implement includes a power source. A plurality of conductive protrusions may be electrically coupled to the power source. The plurality of conductive protrusions may include a base proximate the head and a distal end spaced from the head. Furthermore, at least one of the conductive protrusions may taper from the base to the distal end.

Abstract: This invention relates to oral care compositions comprising guanidine, zinc citrate and zinc oxide, and a fluoride source, as well as to methods of using and of making these compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are oral care compositions comprising hemp seed oil and caprylyl glycol. In certain embodiments, the oral care composition optionally further comprises one or more ingredients selected from hyaluronic acid and aloe vera. Methods of making and using the compositions are also provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to oral care compositions comprising guanidine, zinc citrate and zinc oxide, and a fluoride source, as well as to methods of using and of making these compositions.

Abstract: Described herein are oral care compositions comprising—in relevant part—an effective amount of inulin. Methods of making and using these compositions are also described.

Abstract: Methods of increasing sIgA levels in an individual's oral cavity are disclosed. The methods comprise applying effective amounts of zinc oxide, zinc citrate, and arginine Methods of increasing the concentration of sIgA in the individual's mucosa pellicle in the oral cavity are disclosed. Methods of increasing phagocytotic activity of phagocytotic cells in the individual's oral cavity are also disclosed. In addition, methods of increasing levels of ?-Defensin 1 in the individual's oral cavity are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of identifying an individual as being a slow gingivitis responder or a high gingivitis responder are disclosed. Some methods are based on IL-1? levels in the individual's GCF at the site of inflammation. Some methods are based on MIF and/or CCL-1 levels in the individual's GCF in healthy tissue distant from the site of inflammation. Some disclosed methods are based on temporal differences in IL-8, IL-6 and/or TNF? levels in the individual's GCF in healthy tissue distant from the site of inflammation during the development of plaque induced inflammation. Methods of treating an individual who has gingivitis and methods of preventing gingivitis are also provided. The treatment and prevention methods comprise determining if individual is a slow gingivitis responder or a high gingivitis responder and applying oral care compositions to the individual's oral cavity.

Abstract: Methods of determining one or more ratios of chemokines in gingival crevicular fluid of an individual selected from the group consisting of: MIF:MIP1a, MIF:CXCL1; MIF:CXCL5; M1F:CXCL8; MIF:CXCL2; and MIF:CXCL6 and methods of identifying an individual as having gingivitis comprising determining one or more ratios of the chemokines in gingival crevicular fluid are disclosed. Methods of treating individuals who are identified as having gingivitis by determining one or more ratios of the chemokines in gingival crevicular fluid are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of monitoring the treatment individuals who have gingivitis.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of treating biofilm (e.g. modifying surface topography, reducing thickness or reducing biovolume) and compositions and apparatus for use in carrying out such methods.

Abstract: A system for testing biological samples includes a frame having first and second sides and an aperture extending through the frame from the first side to the second side. First and second covers are attached to the first and second sides of the frame to form a well bounded by the frame, the first cover, and the second cover. An electromagnetic imaging device is used to image the biological sample through the first cover. A method is also conceived, wherein a first fluid is supplied to the well, the first fluid including live cells. A biofilm is grown from the live cells. A second fluid is supplied to the well and the biofilm is imaged using the electromagnetic imaging device.

Abstract: Described herein are oral care compositions comprising vitamin D, or a derivative thereof. Methods of making and using these compositions are also described.

Abstract: Described herein are oral care compositions comprising vitamin D, or a derivative thereof; an alkanoic acid of formula R—COOH or an alkali metal salt thereof, wherein R is a C1 to C13 hydrocarbyl group; and an orally acceptable carrier. Methods of making and using same are also described.

Abstract: An oral care composition including rottlerin in an amount sufficient to reduce a growth of gram-positive bacteria in a mouth treated with the oral care composition.

Abstract: Described herein are—inter alia—complexes comprising a curcuminoid; and an anionic surfactant. Methods of making and using same are also described.

Abstract: Methods of increasing sIgA and mucin 5B levels in an individual's oral cavity are disclosed. The methods comprise applying to the individual's oral cavity in an amount effective to increase sIgA and mucin 5B levels in the individual's oral cavity, an oral care composition comprising: zinc phosphate, stannous fluoride and optionally, an organic acid buffer system.