Abstract: A method of the operation of an ionization smoke alarm which has a measuring chamber open to the ambient air and ionizable by a radioactive source. A measuring chamber includes a first electrode to which a supply d.c. voltage is applied and a measuring electrode the potential of which changes in response to the smoke density if smoke enters the measuring chamber. This potential is measured for producing a smoke alarm signal if it reaches a predetermined value. The potential of the measuring electrode is measured for at least one further electric field strength that is compared with at least a second potential which occurs at the second field strength according to the law of the agglomeration of small ions if smoke aerosols are present in the measuring chamber.

Abstract: A method for operating an optical smoke detector, wherein for smoke detecting purposes at least one light sensitive receiver within a detection chamber measures the useful scattered radiation which emanates from a volume unit within said chamber which is located in the intersecting area of the collimated field of view of said receiver and of the collimated beam of a light source within said chamber, said receiver sensing the scattered radiation caused by a contamination of said chamber or a second light sensitive receiver detecting the radiation reflected from a surface unit of said chamber, respectively, whereby measuring the reflexion radiation emanating from an illuminated surface unit within said chamber.

Abstract: An ionization fire-signal device is provided which is compact in construction so that it has a small axial height. The housing for the device includes an axial extending outer wall and a transversely extending front wall to form a cup shaped housing. An insulator, including an axially extending circular wall which forms an enclosure, is positioned inside the housing and cooperates with the housing to form a measuring chamber. The axial dimension of the circular insulator wall and outer housing wall are approximately equal. In addition, a reference chamber is formed between the circular wall of the insulator and the outer wall of the housing such that the reference chamber is arranged transversely adjacent to the measuring chamber. A radiation source for ionizing the measuring chamber and reference chamber is also provided.

Abstract: An ionization fire-signal device with an ionized measuring chamber, a reference element connected in series with the reference chamber, an amplifier stage controlled by the electric potential of the connection point of the measuring chamber and the reference element and comprising a field effect transistor, and a signal circuit controlled by the amplifier stage and comprising another transistor. A bistable behavior of the ionization fire-signal device is achieved by a positive signal feedback from the signal circuit to the substrate of the field effect transistor.

Abstract: Disc type dynamo-electric machine, especially a generator, having two stators and one rotor, an active air gaps between each stator and the rotor, two annular energizing windings in the stators, and two non-active or auxiliary air gaps are formed in a smooth region between the stators and the rotor, the smooth region being closer to the hub than are the annular windings. The entire rotor is formed at least approximately as a disc of uniform strength. The stators are shaped to conform, in the region of the rotor. The magnet flux successively penetrates the two active air gaps and the two auxiliary air gaps and flows in a radial direction mainly by way of the yokes of the stators. Cooling ribs are provided.

Abstract: In the disclosed ionization fire alarm structure, a gap that admits ambient air to the alarm test chamber eliminates directional smoke sensitivity or any insensitivity that might be caused by high air velocities. A ring shaped wall section in the approximate plane of the center electrode and common to the test and reference chambers, and an axially extending tubular wall and housing that enclose the jacket of a flat-bottomed external electrode establish the gap that admits ambient air to the test chamber and form axially compact device with adequate electrical insulation. An insulator cover and angular bends which are formed in the latch springs that couple the alarm to the base prevent unauthorized disassembly by requiring a special manipulation to uncouple these components.

Abstract: A shock-, vibrations- and tampering-proof attachment means of an object, such as a signal producing insert of an ionization alarm system coaxially and non-rotatably to a support, such as for land-, marine- and air vehicles provides a spring assembly with a spring and biased coaxial protrusion in the bottom of the object with a helically wound canal running through the protrusion having end orifices in its surface. The support is provided with a U-shaped fork fixed with its yoke in it. A connecting means equipped with a rod traverses the protrusion perpendicularly to its axis. The rod is fastened to both free ends of the yoke. Optimum shapes and dimensions of the respective parts are established, also with the view of maintaining a minimum size of the object itself. The object with the fixed protrusion is mounted by rotation thereof to the support, thus hiding the attachment means and making them vibration proof and inaccessible from the outside.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for monitoring interruptions in each of two closed-circuit loops, which loops are laid in at least one cable. One end of each loop is connected, with the optional interposition of circuit elements, to one pole of a voltage source, the other end of each loop being connected, via a resistance network, to the other pole of the voltage source. Potentials derived from points in the resistance networks are used to directly control an electronic switching element which changes its conductivity state in the event of any interruption in at least one loop. Interruptions in the respective loops lead to a corresponding rise or fall in potential of the respective network whereby the electronic switching element is actuated.

Abstract: An ionization analyzing alarm system of extreme accuracy independent of aspheric turbulences caused by fire and of minute dimensions, ease and safety of manufacture, assembly and repairs and devoid of forced air devices, is provided, having an air baffle zone, a first ionization chamber with advantageously located electrodes, radioactive source and circuitry and optionally a second ionization chamber with radioactive source and an additional electrode, the central of the three electrodes serving both chambers and with sensitivity controls.

Abstract: An ionization analyzing alarm system of extreme accuracy independent of atmospheric turbulences caused by fire and of minute dimensions, ease and safety of manufacture, assembly and repairs and devoid of forced air devices, is provided, having an air baffle zone, a first ionization chamber with advantageously located electrodes, radioactive source and circuitry and optionally a second ionization chamber with radioactive source and an additional electrode, the central of the three electrodes serving both chambers and with sensitivity controls.