Abstract: A carbon fiber structure and a manufacturing method of the same are provided. The carbon fiber structure includes a carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material having carbon fibers and a carbonaceous matrix. The carbon fibers are configured by a substantially linear fiber. The carbon fibers form thin piece bodies in which a longitudinal direction of the carbon fibers is oriented in parallel to a surface direction of the carbon fiber structure within the carbonaceous matrix. The carbon fiber structure is configured by a laminate having the thin piece bodies laminated therein.

Abstract: A crucible holding member includes a mesh body having an axis direction. The mesh body includes a hollow, an opening, and a plurality of strands. The hollow is provided inside the opening. The opening faces toward one end of the axis direction. The plurality of strands include a plurality of carbon fibers and are woven diagonally with respect to the axis direction to provide the hollow and the opening. The plurality of strands are folded inwardly or outwardly at an edge of the opening, thereby providing a two-layered portion along the edge of the opening. A matrix is filled between the plurality of carbon fibers of the mesh body.

Abstract: A C/C composite material molded body and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The C/C composite material molded body includes carbon fibers, and a carbonaceous matrix. The C/C composite material molded body has a shell-like structure, an outer surface of which is configured by a three-dimensional curved surface or a combination of a plurality of surfaces, and which is configured by a continuous structure having a uniform composition as a whole. A longitudinal direction of the carbon fibers is oriented along the outer surface.

Abstract: A carbon fiber structure and a manufacturing method of the same are provided. The carbon fiber structure includes a carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material having carbon fibers and a carbonaceous matrix. The carbon fibers are configured by a substantially linear fiber. The carbon fibers form thin piece bodies in which a longitudinal direction of the carbon fibers is oriented in parallel to a surface direction of the carbon fiber structure within the carbonaceous matrix. The carbon fiber structure is configured by a laminate having the thin piece bodies laminated therein.

Abstract: A carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material includes carbon fibers, and a carbonaceous matrix. The carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material is integrally formed. The carbon fibers are a substantially linear fiber existing in a bare-fiber state within the carbonaceous matrix and having an average fiber length of less than about 1.0 mm. The carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composite material has a bulk density of about 1.2 g/cm3 or more.

Abstract: A crucible holding member includes a mesh body having an axis direction. The mesh body includes a hollow, an opening, and a plurality of strands. The hollow is provided inside the opening. The opening faces toward one end of the axis direction. The plurality of strands include a plurality of carbon fibers and are woven diagonally with respect to the axis direction to provide the hollow and the opening. The plurality of strands are folded inwardly or outwardly at an edge of the opening, thereby providing a two-layered portion along the edge of the opening. A matrix is filled between the plurality of carbon fibers of the mesh body.

Abstract: A crucible holding member includes a mesh body, a matrix, and a carbonaceous layer. The mesh body has a cylinder shape or a basket shape and is formed by weaving a plurality of strands to be aligned diagonally with respect to an axis line of the mesh body. Each of the strands includes a plurality of carbon fibers. The matrix is filled in interstices between the plurality of carbon fibers. A carbonaceous layer is provided on an inner circumferential surface of the mesh body and has a flat surface to contact with an outer circumferential surface of a crucible.

Abstract: A crucible holding member includes a crucible supporting portion and an external fitting member. The crucible supporting portion includes a plurality of divided graphite pieces longitudinally divided in parallel to an axis line of the crucible supporting portion and radially arranged. The external fitting member is circularly formed and fitted on a body portion of the crucible supporting portion to bind the divided graphite pieces in a circumferential direction. The external fitting member is made of a C/C composite.

Abstract: A container holding member to hold a container includes a basket-shaped mesh body which has a closed-end. The basket-shaped mesh body is formed by weaving a plurality of strands to be arranged diagonally with respect to a central axis of the mesh body. Each of the strands includes a plurality of carbon fibers. A matrix is filled in interstices between the plurality of carbon fibers.

Abstract: A crucible holding member includes a mesh body which includes a plurality of strands woven each including a plurality of carbon fibers. The mesh body has a triaxial weave structure including a plurality of first strands, a plurality of second strands and a plurality of third strands. The plurality of first strands are provided in a first direction inclined at a first angle with respect to a central axis of the mesh body. The plurality of second strands are provided so that the plurality of first strands and the plurality of second strands are substantially symmetrical with respect to the central axis. The plurality of third strands are provided substantially along the central axis. A matrix is filled in interstices between the carbon fibers.

Abstract: A crucible holding member includes a hollow mesh body. The hollow mesh body has an upper end opening and a lower end opening, and includes a plurality of strands woven to be arranged diagonally to a central axis of the hollow mesh body. Each of the strands includes a plurality of carbon fibers. A matrix is filled in the interstices between the carbon fibers.

Abstract: A multilayer piezoelectric element 20 includes a plurality of piezoelectric layers 11 and a plurality of inner electrode layers 12 alternately stacked, a first outer electrode 18 that electrically couples together every other inner electrode layers 12 in the lamination direction, and a second outer electrode 19 that electrically couples together the remaining inner electrode layers 12. The piezoelectric layers 11 are obtained by molding and firing a mixture containing a Pb component, a Zr component, a Ti component, a Sr component, a Nb component, and a Zn component. When the piezoelectric layers 11 are each represented by general formula Pb(ZraTi1-a)O3+bSrO+cNbO2.5+dZnO, the relative amounts of the individual components, for example, satisfy the relationships a=0.51, b=2.0×10?2, c=1.50×10?2, d=0.5×10?2, and c/d=3.0.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes an electrode disposed on at least one of the front and back surfaces of a piezoelectric material prepared by molding a mixture containing a Pb component, a Zr component, a Ti component, a Sr component, a Nb component, and a Zn component and then firing the molded product. When the piezoelectric material is represented by the general formula Pb(ZraTi1-a)O3+bSrO+cNbO2.5+dZnO, the relative amounts of the respective components, for example, satisfy the relationships, a=0.51, b=2.0×10?2, c=1.50×10?2, d=0.5×10?2, and c/d=3.0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a piezoelectric ceramic composition, for producing piezoelectric elements exhibiting high piezoelectric strain constant d33 and high Curie temperature Tc, which composition includes a perovskite PbZrO3 (a), a perovskite PbTiO3 (b), SrO (c), Nb2O5 (d) and ZnO (e), and relative amounts of the components (a), (b), (c) (d) and (e) satisfy the general formula: Pb(ZraTi1-a)O3+bSrO+cNbO2.5+dZnO wherein 0.51?a?0.54; 1.1×10?2?b?6.0×10?2; 0.9×10?2?c?4.25×10?2; 0.1×10?2?d?1.25×10?2; and 2.9?c/d?15.0.