Abstract: A radiation sensitive resin composition containing an alkali-soluble resin, for example a novolak-quinonediazide positive-working radiation sensitive resin composition and a chemically amplified negative-working resin composition, wherein the alkali-soluble resin contains at least an alkali-soluble resin obtained by polycondensation of a compound represented by the following general formula (I) and a phenol if necessary, with an aldehyde.

Abstract: A good heat-resistant radiation-sensitive resin composition containing an alkali-soluble resin obtained by condensation, with phenols as necessary, of methylolated bisphenols represented by following general formula, a cross-linking agent and a photosensitizer. wherein R1 to R4 each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or —CH2OH, whereupon at least one of R1 to R4 represents —CH2OH, and R5 and R6 each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A radiation sensitive resin composition containing an alkali-soluble resin, for example a novolak-quinonediazide positive-working radiation sensitive resin composition and a chemically amplified negative-working resin composition, wherein the alkali-soluble resin contains at least an alkali-soluble resin obtained by polycondensation of a compound represented by the following general formula (I) and a phenol if necessary, with an aldehyde. wherein R represents a hydroxyl group or an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 3 and, when n is 2 or 3, each R group may be the same or different.

Abstract: A liquid alignment layer characterized by comprising two or more types of polymers wherein a difference between the maximum SP value and the minimum SP value in said polymers being at least 1, and a liquid crystal display device provided with this liquid crystal alignment layer.

Abstract: An alignment layer for liquid crystals is disclosed. The liquid crystal alignment layer of the present invention is excellent in adhesion to the glass substrate, has a high liquid crystal alignment angle (pretilt angle) and generates a high pretilt angle with less dependence on the type of rubbing treatment methods and processing conditions such as heating temperature.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an alignment layer material for forming a liquid crystal alignment layer having an excellent adhesion to a glass substrate, having less dependency of display characteristics on the viewing angle with a high contrast.(Constitution)A composition used for an alignment layer material comprising a mixture of a polymer (A) which is a block copolymer containing a siloxane compound as a constituting component, and a homopolymer or copolymer (B) having the following repeating unit (1): ##STR1## is disclosed.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal display device provided with a liquid crystal alignment layer which is excellent in adhesion to a glass substrate and which has less dependency of display characteristics upon a viewing angle.A liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates each comprising a transparent electrode having provided thereon an alignment layer wherein the alignment layers are arranged inside so as to face each other, characterized in that a mixture of a polyamide (A) containing siloxane component as a constituting unit and a polymer (B) having a property of aligning the liquid crystal in such a manner that the direction of a long axis of the liquid crystal molecule projected on the surface of the substrate is different from a rubbing direction is used as an alignment layer material of at least one of the facing surfaces on the pair of substrates.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises at least one aramide-silicone-multiblock copolymer having the repeating unit represented by the following formula as an alignment layer material: ##STR1## A desired pretilt angle can be obtained by altering the content of polysiloxane in the aramide-silicone-multiblock copolymer and the pretilt angle is nearly uniform irrespective of an annealing temperature and a rubbing strength.

Abstract: An apparatus for making a quartz glass crucible comprises a housing having a first chamber and a second chamber therein, a rotation crucible having an inner surface corresponding in configuration to the quartz glass crucible, means for rotating the rotation crucible, means for shifting the rotation crucible and the rotating means together between the first and second chambers, means placed in the first chamber for feeding a grain material into the rotation crucible, means placed in the first chamber for shaping the grain material in the rotation crucible so as to form a shaped body in the shape of the quartz glass crucible when the rotation crucible rotates, and means placed in the second chamber for heating and fusing the shaped body within the rotation crucible so as to make the quartz glass crucible.