Abstract: There is provided a calorimeter. Heat flows in and out of the sample via a thermoelectric module. The thermoelectric module is so constituted that a pair of a P-type thermoelectric element and an N-type thermoelectric element is disposed between substrates, and the pair of the thermoelectric elements are connected in n pairs so that the P-type thermoelectric elements and the N-type thermoelectric element are arranged alternately in ?-shape; a calorimetric sensitivity of the thermoelectric module of a thermal conductance surrounding thermoelectric module and a thermal conductance between substrates of the thermoelectric modules and a noise based on an electric resistance of the thermoelectric module depend on an L/A ratio of the thermoelectric element constituting the thermoelectric module and the number n of the pairs of the thermoelectric elements, where the L/A ratio is 6 mm?1 or more, and the number n of the pairs is 4 or more.

Abstract: There is provided a calorimeter. Heat flows in and out of the sample via a thermoelectric module. The thermoelectric module is so constituted that a pair of a P-type thermoelectric element and an N-type thermoelectric element is disposed between substrates, and the pair of the thermoelectric elements are connected in n pairs so that the P-type thermoelectric elements and the N-type thermoelectric element are arranged alternately in ?-shape; a calorimetric sensitivity of the thermoelectric module of a thermal conductance surrounding thermoelectric module and a thermal conductance between substrates of the thermoelectric modules and a noise based on an electric resistance of the thermoelectric module depend on an L/A ratio of the thermoelectric element constituting the thermoelectric module and the number n of the pairs of the thermoelectric elements, where the L/A ratio is 6 mm?1 or more, and the number n of the pairs is 4 or more.

Abstract: A tube 12 made of stainless steel is arranged in a thermal bath 13 and an AC current is supplied to the tube to apply an AC heat directly to the tube and a liquid sample contained therein. An AC temperature of the tube 12 is detected by a thermocouple 19. An amplitude of the AC heat, and a phase difference between the AC heat and the AC temperature are detected. The above measurement is performed for the vacant tube, the standard liquid sample containing tube and the liquid sample containing tube to derive amplitudes .DELTA.T.sub.c, .DELTA.T.sub.r and .DELTA.T.sub.s and phase differences .phi..sub.c, .phi..sub.r and .phi..sub.s. Then, a heat capacity .rho..sub.s .multidot.C.sub.s per a unit volume of the liquid sample is calculated from a following equation.rho..sub.s .multidot.C.sub.s =[{sin (.phi..sub.s)/.DELTA.T.sub.s -sin (.phi..sub.c)/.DELTA.T.sub.c }/{sin (.phi..sub.r)/.DELTA.T.sub.r -sin (.phi..sub.c)/.DELTA.T.sub.c }].rho..sub.rwherein C.sub.r and .rho..sub.