Abstract: [Problem] The present invention addresses the problem of providing: a method for producing garments that use dyed cloth on which whiteness easily emerges due to heating by irradiation with laser or the like and which can be efficiently decolorized; dyed cloth used in production of decolorized garments; and a chemical agent used in decolorization of dyed cloth. [Solution] This production method for garments is characterized by using a heat treatment to decolorize garments which use dyed cloth containing an alkanolamine. The temperature of the heat treatment is preferably 160-180° C., and the heat treatment is more preferably a laser machining treatment.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a light-emitting element includes: providing a wafer including: a substrate, and a semiconductor structure; forming a plurality of modified regions inside the substrate of the wafer by irradiating the substrate with a laser beam; and separating the wafer into a plurality of light-emitting elements after said irradiating the substrate with the laser beam. Said forming the plurality of modified regions includes: scanning the laser beam along a plurality of first lines, the plurality of first lines extending in a first direction and being arranged in a second direction, the first direction being parallel to the first surface, the second direction intersecting the first direction and being parallel to the first surface, and scanning the laser beam along a plurality of second lines, the plurality of second lines extending in the second direction and being arranged in the first direction.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a light-emitting element includes: providing a wafer including: a substrate, and a semiconductor structure; forming a plurality of modified regions inside the substrate of the wafer by irradiating the substrate with a laser beam; and separating the wafer into a plurality of light-emitting elements after said irradiating the substrate with the laser beam. Said forming the plurality of modified regions includes: scanning the laser beam along a plurality of first lines, the plurality of first lines extending in a first direction and being arranged in a second direction, the first direction being parallel to the first surface, the second direction intersecting the first direction and being parallel to the first surface, and scanning the laser beam along a plurality of second lines, the plurality of second lines extending in the second direction and being arranged in the first direction.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a light-emitting element includes: providing a wafer including: a substrate, and a semiconductor structure; forming a plurality of modified regions inside the substrate of the wafer by irradiating the substrate with a laser beam; and separating the wafer into a plurality of light-emitting elements after said irradiating the substrate with the laser beam. Said forming the plurality of modified regions includes: scanning the laser beam along a plurality of first lines, the plurality of first lines extending in a first direction and being arranged in a second direction, the first direction being parallel to the first surface, the second direction intersecting the first direction and being parallel to the first surface, and scanning the laser beam along a plurality of second lines, the plurality of second lines extending in the second direction and being arranged in the first direction.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a light-emitting element includes: providing a wafer including: a substrate, and a semiconductor structure; forming a plurality of modified regions inside the substrate of the wafer by irradiating the substrate with a laser beam; and separating the wafer into a plurality of light-emitting elements after said irradiating the substrate with the laser beam. Said forming the plurality of modified regions includes: scanning the laser beam along a plurality of first lines, the plurality of first lines extending in a first direction and being arranged in a second direction, the first direction being parallel to the first surface, the second direction intersecting the first direction and being parallel to the first surface, and scanning the laser beam along a plurality of second lines, the plurality of second lines extending in the second direction and being arranged in the first direction.

Abstract: A speaker system including a speaker device and a cabinet. The cabinet is composed of; a front wall having a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape and is provided with a speaker device affixed thereto; a rear wall opposing to the front wall; and two pairs of side walls arranged between the front wall and the rear wall. A first duct communicating with the interior space of the cabinet is provided through the side wall of the cabinet. A first opening that makes the interior space of the cabinet communicated with a first opening is provided at an area that encompasses a center portion of the one side wall in the one pair of the side walls having the shorter mutual distance therebetween in the two pairs of the side walls.

Abstract: A speaker system including a speaker device and a cabinet. The cabinet is composed of; a front wall having a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape and is provided with a speaker device affixed thereto; a rear wall opposing to the front wall; and two pairs of side walls arranged between the front wall and the rear wall. A first duct communicating with the interior space of the cabinet is provided through the side wall of the cabinet. A first opening that makes the interior space of the cabinet communicated with a first opening is provided at an area that encompasses a center portion of the one side wall in the one pair of the side walls having the shorter mutual distance therebetween in the two pairs of the side walls.

Abstract: Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine compounds of the general formula [I] are provided: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is straight-chain or branched C.sub.1-8 alkoxy which may be substituted with cycloalkyl, or C.sub.2-4 fluoroalkyloxy, R.sup.2 is H, methyl or methoxy, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each H or methyl and may be the same or different. All these compounds have good activity of inhibiting potassium ion-dependent adenosine triphosphatase and excellent storage stability, so that they are usable for the treatment of gastric and/or duodenal ulcers.

Abstract: Benzimidazole derivatives of the general formula [I] are provided: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, methyl or methoxy, and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each is hydrogen or methyl, at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 being a member other than hydrogen. The benzimidazole derivatives exhibit an excellent activity of inhibiting the potassium ion-dependent adenosine triphosphatase, as well as a good stability during storage. Therefore, the benzimidazole derivatives are usable for the treatment of gastric and/or duodenal ulcers.