Abstract: A method and an apparatus for pattern recognition utilizing the multiple similarity method, capable of taking structural features of a pattern to be recognized into account, so that sufficiently accurate pattern recognition can be achieved even when the pattern may involve complicated and diverse variations.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus comprises an input image memory for storing input image data obtained by coding original image data with run length codes for a first direction, a reading circuit for sequentially reading from the input image memory the data of every two lines which are adjacent to each other in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, an exclusive OR processing circuit for carrying out an exclusive OR operation on the data of the every two lines read by the reading circuit to detect second directional endpoint positions of the original image data without decoding the input image data into the original image data, and a second directional processing circuit for carrying out a predetermined image process for the second direction according to the first directional endpoint positions detected by the exclusive OR processing circuit.

Abstract: A image inclination detecting method and an apparatus achieving the method calculate distances between leading edges or between trailing edges of runs (consecutive white or black pixels) that are located on adjacent two scanning lines respectively. From occurrence frequencies of these edge distances, a representative value that may indicate an inclination of the image most clearly is found, and, based on the representative value, the inclination of the image is computed.

Abstract: An acoustic signal processing circuit extracts input speech pattern data and subsidiary feature data from an input speech signal. The input speech pattern data comprise frequency spectra, whereas the subsidiary feature data comprise phoneme and acoustic features. These data are then stored in a data buffer memory. The similarity measures between the input speech pattern data stored in the data buffer memory and reference speech pattern data stored in a dictionary memory are computed by a similarity computation circuit. When the largest similarity measure exceeds a first threshold value and when the difference between the largest similarity measure and the second largest measure exceeds a second threshold value, category data of the reference pattern which gives the largest similarity measure is produced by a control circuit to correspond to an input speech.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved image memory device including an image processing memory unit incorporated into a universal image processing device and an address switching control circuit connected thereto, wherein an address data for raster display and an address data fed from an external input-output device are periodically selected by an address switching control circuit for supply to the image processing memory unit so that the memory unit may be accessed by an external input-output device without intercepting the raster display with remarkably reduced data transfer time.

Abstract: A covariance matrix of a set of m number of column components of a two-dimensional input pattern and a covariance matrix of a set of n number of row components are obtained. The column covariance matrix and a column covariance matrix of a set of column components of a standard pattern belong to the corresponding one of various categories are multiplied and summed to obtain a column multiply-sum data and the row covariance matrix and a row covariance matrix of a set of row components of the standard pattern are multiplied and summed to obtain row multiply-sum data. The column and row multiply-sum data are multiplied by a multiplier to obtain product data. A maximum detector detects a maximum product data from the product data obtained by the multiplier with respect to all categories. The category corresponding to the maximum product data is recognized as belonging to the input pattern.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the elevation of a three-dimensional foreground subject which comprises the steps of determining the interrelationship of the first and second images of the three-dimensional foreground subject photographed at two different points to find minute mutually corresponding areas in two images; correcting the first photographed image according to the displacement of the corresponding areas from each other; again determining the interrelationship of the corrected first pseudo-image and the noncorrected second image; correcting the second image by said interrelationship to provide a corrected second pseudo-image; determining the interrelationship of said corrected second pseudo-image and the original second image; repeating the above-mentioned operation; when the determined displacements of the first and second images fall to below a certain value, calculating an algebraic sum of all the determined displacements of said first and second images; and finally measuring the elevation of a three