Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid crystal display device comprising (1) a liquid crystal cell wherein a liquid crystal layer comprising a liquid crystal component having positive dielectric anisotropy is sandwiched between a pair of substrates having at least one electrode, (2) a pair of polarizers arranged to sandwich the liquid crystal layer therebetween and (3) a birefringence layer provided between the liquid crystal layer and the polarizer on at least one side of the liquid crystal layer, wherein the angle formed between the maximum refractive index direction in the birefringence layer face and the direction of transmission axis or absorption axis of polarizer adjacent to the birefringence layer is not more than 5.degree..

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid crystal display device comprising (1) a liquid crystal cell having a structure in which liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer sandwiched between substrates are oriented substantially in parallel to the surface of the substrate and twisted at an angle of from 120.degree. to 360.degree. in the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer when the voltage is not applied, (2) a pair of polarizers disposed so as to sandwich the liquid crystal cell therebetween and (3) a birefringence layer disposed between the liquid crystal layer and at least one of the polarizers. The liquid crystal display device can provide black and white display of excellent visual angle characteristic and of excellent quality. Furthermore, the maximum, minimum, and perpendicular refractive indexes, n.sub.x, n.sub.y, and n.sub.z, respectively, of the birefringence layer satisfy the following relationship:n.sub.y <n.sub.z <n.sub.x.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device, comprising:(a) a liquid crystal layer disposed between a pair of light permeable substrates, an alignment of a liquid crystal of said liquid crystal layer being substantially horizontal relative to said substrates in the absence of applied voltage, said liquid crystal layer having a twisted structure with a twist angle along a direction of a thickness thereof such that an adequate display is provided without substantially reducing the time dimensional driving;(b) a pair of polarization means disposed on both outsides of said liquid crystal layer; and(c) at least one birefringent medium layer disposed between one side of said liquid crystal layer and the polarization means on said one side of said liquid crystal layer; an optical axis of said birefringent medium layer being inclined toward a polarization axis of the adjacent polarization means, the alignment direction of said liquid crystal on a surface of another side of said liquid crystal layer making an angle from 0.degree.

Abstract: A projection device for irradiating a light to a display device and optically magnifying and projecting a reflection light therefrom includes a liquid crystal cell, a first polarization device and a reflection device disposed respectively on the opposite side from the irradiated side of the liquid crystal cell and a second polarization device and optical magnifying means disposed respectively on an optical path of the reflection light reflected by said reflection device and outgoing from said liquid crystal cell.