Abstract: An ionized material sample collection device according to the present invention includes one or a plurality of container's main bodies that each has a surrounding wall and a bottom wall and has a sample entrance in an upper portion of the surrounding wall, a sample impact target that is formed in the bottom portion of each of the container's main bodies, and one or more ionized material collection zones that are formed on at least one of the inner surfaces and the bottom surface of the surrounding wall of each of the container's main bodies. It is preferable that a plurality of the ionized material collection zones be formed on the inner surfaces of the surrounding wall and each of the plurality of ionized material collection zones be an ionized material collection zone which has an affinity for a different element.

Abstract: The present invention utilizes an electrochemical catalyst which contains: a metal oxide that is composed of one or more compounds selected from among zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, gadolinium oxide, samarium oxide, cobalt oxide and scandium oxide; and a metal variant, which has a valence that is different from the valence of the metal that constitutes the metal oxide.

Abstract: This electrode comprises: an electrode component containing a columnar structure; and a porous collector layer that is prepared on the electrode component. The columnar structure comprises a multiple columnar sections, the lateral surfaces of which are at least partially in contact with each other. Each columnar part section is provided with a multilayer part wherein different inorganic compound layers are stacked. In addition, the columnar structure comprises two or more adjacent columnar sections, which are different from each other in the stacking direction of the multilayer part. For example, each columnar section has a width of 10 nm to 100 nm, and each inorganic compound layer has a thickness of 1 nm to 10 nm.

Abstract: The present invention utilizes an electrochemical catalyst which contains: a metal oxide that is composed of one or more compounds selected from among zirconium oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, gadolinium oxide, samarium oxide, cobalt oxide and scandium oxide; and a metal variant, which has a valence that is different from the valence of the metal that constitutes the metal oxide.