Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing a charging device capable of precisely outputting charging power to a battery or the like within a broad voltage range of tens-to-hundreds of volts. This charging device comprises: a converter unit that outputs a charging voltage to a battery and a control unit that outputs a control signal of a pulse width determined on the basis of the voltage value of the charging voltage to a switching element of the converter unit, thereby setting the switching element to a conducting state for only a time corresponding to the pulse width. The control unit changes the output interval for the control signal in accordance with the output interval for the control signal as the voltage value of the charging voltage decreases.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing a charging device capable of precisely outputting charging power to a battery or the like within a broad voltage range of tens-to-hundreds of volts. This charging device comprises: a converter unit that outputs a charging voltage to a battery and a control unit that outputs a control signal of a pulse width determined on the basis of the voltage value of the charging voltage to a switching element of the converter unit, thereby setting the switching element to a conducting state for only a time corresponding to the pulse width. The control unit changes the output interval for the control signal in accordance with the output interval for the control signal as the voltage value of the charging voltage decreases.

Abstract: A fluorescent X-ray quantitative analysis apparatus generates a stream of primary X-rays that are subject to variable conditions such as voltage, X-ray filters, and gas conduit conditions. A sample is supported to receive the beam of primary X-rays, and then measurements are made of the secondary X-rays resulting from impact with the sample. Conditions are changed to affect the primary X-rays, and a second measurement is made of the secondary X-rays from the sample. A computer circuit can determine the concentration of elements in the sample from their respective measurements, for example, by resolving a plurality of simultaneous equations.