Abstract: If an organic solvent with a water content of 15% or less is used when an oxycarbonyl-substituted piperazine derivative is produced from a piperazine derivative, the piperazine derivative can be oxycarbonylated.

Abstract: When a salt of an amine and an optically active diacyltartaric acid, or a diastereomer salt of an optically active amine and an optically active diacyltartaric acid, obtained by optically resolving a racemic amine using the optically active diacyltartaric acid, is salt-exchanged with an acid aqueous solution, the optically active diacyltartaric acid is added in the acid aqueous solution beforehand. Furthermore, a raw material containing a racemic amine and an optically active diacyltartaric acid is optically resolved, and the diastereomer salt of the optically active amine and the optically active diacyltartaric acid respectively of one isomer type, is separated. The obtained diastereomer salt is dissociated using an acid aqueous solution containing the optically active diacyltartaric acid, for recovering the optically active diacyltartaric acid, and the obtained optically active diacyltartaric acid is recycled into an optical resolution step as a raw material of the optical resolution step.

Abstract: A nitrogenous heterocyclic compound such as 3-aminopyrrolidine derivative is produced by hydrogenolysis of an N-substituted nitrogenous heterocyclic compound with normal pressure hydrogen in a water-based solvent in presence of a catalyst. In the case an optically active 1-substituted-3-aminopyrrrolidine derivative is used as a raw material, an optically active 3-aminopyrrolidine derivative can be obtained as a product practically without racemination.

Abstract: If an organic solvent with a water content of 15% or less is used when an oxycarbonyl-substituted piperazine derivative is produced from a piperazine derivative, the piperazine derivative can be oxycarbonylated.

Abstract: When a salt of an amine and an optically active diacyltartaric acid, or a diastereomer salt of an optically active amine and an optically active diacyltartaric acid, obtained by optically resolving a racemic amine using the optically active diacyltartaric acid, is salt-exchanged with an acid aqueous solution, the optically active diacyltartaric acid is added in the acid aqueous solution beforehand. Furthermore, a raw material containing a racemic amine and an optically active diacyltartaric acid is optically resolved, and the diastereomer salt of the optically active amine and the optically active diacyltartaric acid respectively of one isomer type, is separated. The obtained diastereomer salt is dissociated using an acid aqueous solution containing the optically active diacyltartaric acid, for recovering the optically active diacyltartaric acid, and the obtained optically active diacyltartaric acid is recycled into an optical resolution step as a raw material of the optical resolution step.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for producing racemic piperidine derivatives by processing optically-active piperidine derivatives in a hydrogen atmosphere in the presence of a reducing catalyst; and a method for producing optically-active piperidine derivatives or their acid salts by optically resolving the racemic piperidine derivatives obtained in the former method.

Abstract: A method for producing N-protected heterocyclic compounds such as 1-alkoxycarbonyl-3-aminopyrrolidines through position-selective reaction at the nitrogen atom that constitutes the hetero ring of a nitrogen-containing saturated heterocyclic compound having two nitrogen atoms such as 3-aminopyrrolidine. A dialkyl dicarbonate (ROCO-O-COOR) is reacted with a nitrogen-containing saturated heterocyclic compounds having two nitrogen atoms, at pH of from 9 to 14 to obtain a high-purity 1-alkoxycarbonyl nitrogen-containing saturated heterocyclic compound.

Abstract: An optical-active cis-piperidine derivative of high chemical purity and high optical purity is efficiently produced through optical resolution of a cis-piperidine derivative mixture, racemic cis-piperidine derivative with an optical-active tartaric acid derivative or an optical-active amino acid derivative. For the optical-active tartaric acid derivative, preferred are optical-active di(paratoluoyl)tartaric acid and optical-active di(4-methoxybenzoyl)tartaric acid; and for the optical-active amino acid derivative, preferred is optical-active N-benzenesulfonylphenylalanine.

Abstract: In producing optically-active amino acid benzyl esters by reacting optically-active amino acids with benzyl alcohols, hydrazines are present in the reaction system, or the compounds are reacted in the absence of oxygen, or the compounds are reacted in the absence of oxygen while hydrazines are present in the reaction system. The processes are simple and give optically-active amino acid benzyl esters of high optical purity.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for producing racemic piperidine derivatives by processing optically-active piperidine derivatives in a hydrogen atmosphere in the presence of a reducing catalyst; and a method for producing optically-active piperidine derivatives or their acid salts by optically resolving the racemic piperidine derivatives obtained in the former method.

Abstract: A method for producing pyrrolidine derivatives such as 3,4-epoxypyrrolodines, 3-pyrrolidols and the like, by oxidizing 3-pyrrolines with at least one peroxide in the presence of at least one acid is disclosed. The 3-pyrrolines are produced by deriving cis-2-butene compounds from cis-2-butene-1,4-diols and performing a cyclization between the cis-2-butene derivatives and at least one primary amine. The method may be performed as a one-pot synthesis and may be performed as a continuous reaction.

Abstract: A method for making an optically active 3-aminopyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivative represented by the formula (3) includes cyclizing an optically active asparagine ester derivative represented by the formula (1) or (2), or an acid salt thereof. A method for making an optically active 3-aminopyrrolidine derivative represented by the formula (9) includes reducing the optically active 3-aminopyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivative represented by the formula (3). A method for making an optically active 3-aminopyrrolidine derivative includes hydrogenolyzing the optically active 3-aminopyrrolidine derivative represented by the formula (9).

Abstract: Process for producing an optically active ester by reaction of a racemic alcohol with an optically active amino or tartaric acid derivative, a process for producing an optically active alcohol by hydrolysis of the optically active ester, a process for converting an alcohol into a ketone by oxidation, a method for stably storing an optically active ketone, and a new optically active amino acid ester and a new optically active tartaric acid ester.

Abstract: A method for producing pyrrolidine derivatives such as 3,4-epoxypyrrolodines, 3-pyrrolidols and the like, by oxidizing 3-pyrrolines with at least one peroxide in the presence of at least one acid is disclosed. The 3-pyrrolines are produced by deriving cis-2-butene compounds from cis-2-butene-1,4-diols and performing a cyclization between the cis-2-butene derivatives and at least one primary amine. The method may be performed as a one-pot synthesis and may be performed as a continuous reaction.

Abstract: Optically-active 2-piperazinecarboxylic acid derivatives are produced through diastereomer salt resolution using optically-active acidic amino acid derivative as the resolving reagent. In this method, the recovery of the resolving reagent used is high, and the production efficiency to produce the optically-active products is high. As the optically-active acidic amino acid derivatives, usable are optically-active, N-acylated acidic amino acid derivatives and optically-active, N-sulfonylated acidic amino acid derivatives.

Abstract: An industrial process for producing O,O'-diacyltartaric anhydride with high purity and high efficiency is disclosed. According to the process of the invention, a carboxylic acid of the formula (I):R.sup.1 COOH (I)(wherein R.sup.1 represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group; phenyl group; or phenyl group substituted with 1-5 C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups or with 1-5 halogen atoms) is reacted with tartaric acid in the presence of a chlorinating agent.

Abstract: A high concentration of DL-alanine can be supplied in a culture medium and D-alanine can be efficiently obtained with high yield for a short time by cultivating a yeast which belongs to the genus Candida, the genus Cryptococcus, the genus Hansenura or the genus Trichosporon and has an ability to assimilate L-alanine and not to assimilate substantially D-alanine in a culture medium containing substantially DL-alanine as a single carbon source and a single nitrogen source under an acidic condition. Moreover, because very little other organic by-product and organic impurity exists in the culture medium when the cultivation is completed, it becomes easy to separate and refine the D-alanine.

Abstract: It is possible to efficiently obtain D-(31)-tartaric acid in high yield and to supply DL-tartaric acid of high concentration to the culture medium by cultivating a microorganism which belongs to the genus Pseudomonas, Cryptococcus, Tricosporon or Klebsiella and has an ability to assimilate L-(+)-tartaric acid and does not assimilate substantially D-(-)-tartaric acid in a culture medium containing DL-tartaric acid.

Abstract: Novel indole derivatives of the general formula I can be obtained by reacting, directly or indirectly, N,N-dimethyl-3-indolemethylamine with a Schiff base of the general formula II, ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is cyano or methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl or butoxycarbonyl, and .phi. is phenyl. The successive hydrolysis of the indole derivatives of the general formula I in the presence of an acid and of a base gives tryptophane.

Abstract: Provided are polyamides having properties which make them useful as adhesives, sizing agents, paper strength enhancers and as resins. These polyamides are prepared by heating an alpha-(N,N-disubstituted amino)-E-caprolactam, alone or in combination with one or more comonomers, in the presence of an anionic polymerization catalyst, and are characterized by a repeating unit reprsented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R' are each a lower alkyl group or a cyclic amine residue, and also having a relative viscosity of at leasrt 1.5.